Genetics

Question 1

What are DNA strands called?

Answer 1

Polymers

Question 2

Name the 4 bases for a DNA unit?

Answer 2

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 3

What shape describes DNA?

Answer 3

Double helix

Question 4

Complementary bases

What is matched with A Adenine?

Answer 4

T

Thymine

Question 5

Complementary bases

What goes with C Cytosine?

Answer 5

G

Guanine

Question 6

What are complementary bases joined together with?

Answer 6

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 7

How is your DNA passed onto the next generation?

Answer 7

Reproduction

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

Long, coiled up molecules of DNA

Question 9

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 9

Nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 10

What determines what protein is produced?

Answer 10

The sequence of bases in the gene

Question 11

What practical test can you use to extract DNA from fruit cells?

Answer 11

Add detergent and salt
Detergent breaks down cell membranes to release DNA
Salt makes DNA stick together

Question 12

Who won Nobel prize for their work on DNA?

Answer 12

Crick Watson Wilkins

Question 13

Why is it useful to use salt when extracting DNA from fruit cells?

Answer 13

Salt makes DNA stick together

Question 14

How many chromosomes do human cells contain?

Answer 14

46

Question 15

How many chromosomes in a haploid cell?

Answer 15

23

Question 16

In flowering plants where are male gametes found?

Answer 16

Pollen

Question 17

Where are female gametes found in flowering cells?

Answer 17

Ovaries at bottom of stigma

Question 18

What are normal cells with full number of chromosomes called?

Answer 18

Diploid

Question 19

What are reproductive cells called?

Answer 19

Gametes

Question 20

What are animal gametes better known as ?

Answer 20

Sperm and egg cells

Question 21

What is a zygote?

Answer 21

A fertilised egg

Question 22

What happens when a male gametes fuses with a female gamete?

Answer 22

Produces a fertilised egg

Question 23

What happens when a zygote undergoes cell division by mitosis?

Answer 23

Develops into an embryo

Question 24

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 24

Doesn’t produce identical cells

Question 25

Does meiosis happen in other organs?

Answer 25

No just reproductive organs

Question 26

How many divisions in meiosis?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

How is genetic variation created?

Answer 27

Mixture of mother’s and father’s genes

Question 28

What is a gene?

Answer 28

A stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait

Question 29

What is an allele?

Answer 29

A form of a gene Eg. Gene for eye colour has several variations One for blue eyes, one for brown eyes etc.

Question 30

How many versions or alleles of genes do you have?

Answer 30

2 | One on each chromosome

Question 31

What is homozygous?

Answer 31

If 2 alleles are the same

Question 32

What is heterozygous?

Answer 32

If 2 alleles are different

Question 33

Dominant alleles have a capital or small letter?

Answer 33

Capital

Question 34

Do dominant alleles overrule recessive alleles?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

How can organisms display recessive characteristics?

Answer 35

Both alleles must be recessive

Question 36

What is genotype?

Answer 36

Part of genetic make up of a cell which determines a characteristic or phenotype

Question 37

What is a phenotype?

Answer 37

A characteristic | Eg eye colour

Question 38

Which sex have an X and a Y chromosome?

Answer 38

Males

Question 39

What letter combination do female chromosomes have?

Answer 39

XX

Question 40

What maths term is used to determine sex of babies?

Answer 40

Probability

Question 41

What is genetic variation within a species ?

Answer 41

All dogs are same species | Pug looks different to Dalmatian

Question 42

What is a genetic mutation?

Answer 42

Changes to base sequence of DNA

Question 43

What is human genome project?

Answer 43

Research to map over 20,000 genes

Question 44

How could information from human genome project be used to help prevent individuals from developing certain diseases?

Answer 44

Design new drugs If doctors know what genes predispose people to diseases individually treated Identify faulty alleles

Question 45

Who came up with theory of natural selection and evolution ?

Answer 45

Charles Darwin

Question 46

What system classifies organisms?

Answer 46

Five kingdom classification system

Question 47

What are 5 kingdoms?

Answer 47

``` Animals Plants Fungi Prokaryotes Protists ```

Question 48

Name sub divisions of kingdoms?

Answer 48

``` Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 49

What is selective breeding?

Answer 49

Take best plants or animals to breed to get best offspring

Question 50

Name some attractive features for selective breeding?

Answer 50

Animals that produce more milk or meat Crops with disease resistance Dogs with a gentle temperament Plants that produce bigger fruit

Question 51

Give 3 problems selective breeding can cause

Answer 51

In breeding and reduces gene pool Causes health problems or harmful genetic defects If new disease appears, not much variation so less chance of resistance alleles