Genetics Flashcards
(19 cards)
genetics
The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits, relating to genes and genetic information.
heredity
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
inheritance
a thing that is inherited.
dominant
a dominant trait or gene.
recessive
a recessive trait or gene.
allele
each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
thymine
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
cytosine
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of DNA. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.
guanine
a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pure derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.
adenine
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.
genotypes
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
complete dominance
Complete dominance is a form of dominance in heterogeneous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive. For instance, an individual carrying two alleles that are both dominant (e.g. AA), the trait that they represent will be expressed.
incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles
Genotypic Ratio
The ratio of genotypes that will appear.
Phenotypic Ratio
The ratio of phenotypes that will appear.
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
punnet square
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach. The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
