Genetics Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are runners?
A type of asexual reproduction. There is no variation between plants and genetically identical. A plant that uses this type of reproduction is a strawberry or clover plant.
What is a succulent?
A type of asexual reproduction. There is no variation in the plants and they are genetically identical. A plant that uses this type of reproduction is a kalanchoe ( Mexican hat plant)
What is a tuber.
A type of asexual reproduction no variation between plants and they are genetically identical. Potatoes use this type of asexual reproduction.
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
Characteristics from both the parents, variation means there is a greater chance of survival in the new conditions and reproduction.
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Much faster, help them spread quickly, no need to find a mate, if the conditions are favourable then many identical offspring can be produced to capitalise on the available resources.
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction.
Slower, needs a mate, fertilisation male and female gamete, dispersed, fertilisation.
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
If the thing is dying from a disease, because the offspring are genetically identical they will also have the disease, favourable conditions decline rapidly, loss of genetic diversity.
Meiosis produces:
- 4 genetically different sex cells
- allowing variation to occur between individuals of same species
- 2 haploid cells fusing at fertilisation to restore the diploid number
What type of cell is meiosis for?
Gametes
What type of cell is mitosis for?
Somatic cells
In meiosis why do the DNA chromosomes look x-shaped?
Because the DNA has been replicated and the copies stay stuck to one another.
Where is DNA located in the cell?
In a nucleus and is formed into chromosomes.
What are genes and where are they found?
Genes are the code for producing proteins, are located on the chromosomes.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
How many DNA nucleotides are there?
4
What are the 4 nucleotides called?
- guanine (G)
- thymine (T)
- adenine (A)
- cytosine (C)
What are adenine and guanine called?
Purines
What are thymine and cytosine called?
Pyrimidines
What is cytosines complimentary nucleotide?
Guanine
What is guanines complementary nucleotide?
Cytosine
What is adenines complementary nucleotide?
Thymine
What is thymine complementary nucleotide?
Adenine
How many hydrogen bonds in cytosine and guanine?
3 hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds in Adenine and thymine?
2 hydrogen bonds
