Genetics - DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes.

Question 1

Where is the chemical substance (DNA) present in the cells?

Answer 1

DNA is present in the nucleus of all cells.

Question 2

What does ‘DNA’ stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose Nuclei Acid

Question 3

DNA is made up of a long chain of …..?

Answer 3

Sub-units also known as ‘Nucleotides’.

Question 3

Describe what DNA is.

Answer 3

Is a molecule that carries the genetic information of development, functioning, and the growth of organisms.

Question 3

What is each ‘Nucleotide’ made up of?

Answer 3

• Phosphate
• Deoxyribose Sugar
• The Nitrogenous Base

Question 4

What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases?

Answer 4

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine

Question 5

What are the 2 pairs of the Nitrogenous Bases?

Answer 5

1. Adenine and Thymine
2. Cytosine and Guanine

Question 6

Which term best describes how traits are passed down from parents to offspring?
a. DNA
b. Chromosomes
c. Reproduction
d. Heredity

Answer 6

d. Hereditary.

Question 7

What molecule codes for traits?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Amino Acids
d. Nucleic Acids

Answer 7

a. DNA

Question 8

Traits cannot be influenced by the environment.
a. True
b. False
c. All traits are influenced by the environment

Answer 8

b. False

Question 9

Define the term ‘Gene’.

Answer 9

a ‘gene’ is a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for traits such as blood type and eye colour.

Question 10

Define the term ‘Chromatid’.

Answer 10

a ‘chromatid’ is a singular strand of chromosome.

Question 11

When chromatids replicate what is the term used to call it?

Answer 11

Sister Chromotid

Question 12

Define ‘Homologue Structure’

Answer 12

Homologue Structure is when chromosomes contain the same genetic information.

Question 13

Define ‘Karyotype’

Answer 13

Karyotype is the visual representation of the homologue pairs.

Question 14

Define the 2 types of Chromosomes.

Answer 14

Autosomes: the body chromosomes or non-sex chromosomes. (humans have 44 or 22 sets.)
Sex Chromosomes: xx (female) or xy (male) which is the 23rd pair that determines the sex of the offspring.

Question 15

Define the term ‘Chromosomes’.

Answer 15

The thread-like structure that the DNA is tightly wrapped around.

Question 16

Define the term ‘Cell Cycle’

Answer 16

The ‘Cell Cycle’ is a series of events that the cells go through in order to grow, replicate its DNA, and divide.

Question 17

Define the 2 different types of cells.

Answer 17

Somatic Cells: is all cells in the body except sex cells such as the skin cells and blood cells.
Sex Cells: sperm + ova (gametes).

Question 18

What is ‘Mitosis’ and it’s stages?

Answer 18

Mitosis is the division of somatic cells in order to grow, repair, and replace.
P - Prophase
M - Metaphase
A - Anaphase
T - Telophase