Genetics Exam 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
- The process whereby DNA specifies the synthesis RNA sequence is known as
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) DNA Translation
D) RNA Translation
A
Transcription
2
Q
- In double stranded DNA there are ___ reading frames in the forward direction.
A) 6
B) 3
C) 1
D) 12
A
3
3
Q
- In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material. Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?
A) DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein contains phosphorus
B) DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein contains sulfur
C) DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not.
D) DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines
A
DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein contains sulfur
4
Q
- The job of unwinding DNA during DNA replication is performed by
A) ss binding proteins
B) DNA Helicase
C) DNA Gyrase
D) 3’-5’ exonuclease
A
DNA Helicase
5
Q
- The complexity of an organism can be predicted by the size of the organism’s genome.
A) True
B) False
C) Somewhat, but there are some outliers that make prediction unreliable
D) No, these are inversely related
E) None of the above
A
Somewhat, but there are some outliers that make prediction unreliable
6
Q
- Which form of eukaryotic DNA is likely to experience more transcription?
A) Heterochromatin
B) Euchromatin
C) Telomeres
D) None of the above
A
Euchromatin
7
Q
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA. There is one bit of evidence that suggest that ____.
A) These organelles have stolen DNA from the nuclear genome.
B) These organelles were once free-living bacteria and cyanobacteria.
C) These organelles must make all of their own proteins.
D) These organelles lack ribsomes.
A
These organelles were once free-living bacteria and cyanobacteria.
8
Q
- The energy to add a nucleotide to the 3’ end of a DNA strand comes from ____.
A) ATP
B) GTP
C) The incoming nucleotide monophosphate
D) The incoming nucleotide triphosphate
E) Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)
A
The incoming nucleotide triphosphate
9
Q
- What is required for DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA?
A) An RNA primer with a 3’ OH, deoxynucleotides, and a RNA template
B) A DNA primer with a 5’ OH, nucleotides, and a DNA template
C) A primer with a 5’ OH, deoxynucleotides, and a DNA template
D) A primer with a 3’ OH, deoxynucleotides, and a DNA template
A
A primer with a 3’ OH, deoxynucelotides, and a DNA template
10
Q
- Draw out all pyrimidines and purines and label them.
A
Drawing
11
Q
- The Drosophilia axon guidance protein receptor, termed Dscam, has no fewer than 38,000 different isoforms (proteins with similar but not identical amino acid sequences) within a single fruitfly. What is the most likely origin of Dscam isoforms?
A) There are 38,000 different genes in fruit flies for Dscam.
B) There are 38,000 different ways to alternatively splice the mRNA from the single Dscam gene in fruit flies.
C) There are 38,000 different reading frames for the single Dscam gene.
D) There are 19,000 different ways to translate each of the tow Dscam gene alleles in each Drosophilia
A
There are 38,000 different ways to alternatively splice the mRNA from the single Dscam gene in fruit flies.
12
Q
- Genomic equivalence specifics ___.
A) All cells have the same amount of all 4 nucleotides
B) The human genome is the same as the chimpanzee genome
C) All organisms have the same genes
D) The presence of identical genes in cells that are radically different from each other
A
The presence of identical genes in cells that are radically different from each other
13
Q
- What is the final component of the prokaryotic translational initiation complex to be added?
A) Large subunit of the ribosome
B) Small subunit of the ribosome
C) The mRNA
D) An initiator tRNA
A
Large subunit of the ribosome
14
Q
- The energy to add an amino acid to the C-terminus of an elongating polypeptide in a ribosome comes from ___.
A) ATP
B) GTP
C) The ester bond holding the peptide to the tRNA in the A site
D) The ejection of a used tRNA from the E site
E)The ester bond holding the peptide to the tRNA in the P site
A
The ester bond holding the peptide to the tRNA in the P site
15
Q
- The end replication problem dictates that the end of linear DNA cannot be replicated completely during lagging strand DNA synthesis. Linear chromosomes inevitably get shorter each generation without correcting the end replication problem. How is this problem corrected?
A) Chromosomes are stretched each generation
B) Random nucleotides are added to the end of the chromosome much like the poly-A-tail is added to the eukaryotic mRNA
C) A reverse transcriptase molecule that carries an RNA template added repeats to the 3’ end of the linear chromsome
D) The 3’ end of the chromosome is trimmed to be the same length as the 5’ end.
A
A reverse transcriptase molecule that carries an RNA template added repeats to the 3’ end of the linear chromsome
16
Q
- In a polyribosome, which of the newly synthesized polypeptides associated with which ribosomes will be the longest?
A) those at the 5’ end of the mRNA
B) those at the 3’ end of the mRNA
C) those in the middle of the mRNA
D) All polypeptides will be the same length
A
those at the 3’ end of the mRNA
16
Q
- Which of the following does not occur during termination of translation?
A) the tRNA corresponding to the stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome
B) Release factors bind to the ribosome
C) The polypeptide chain is released from the tRNA at the P site
D) Ribosomal subunits dissociate.
A
the tRNA corresponding to the stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome
17
Q
- OF the following, which is the most current description of a gene?
A) a unit of heredity that controls a phenotypic characteristic
B) a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein
C) a nucleic acid sequences that is expressed to form a functional product either RNA or polypeptide
D) a DNA- RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product
E) a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids
A
a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein
18
Q
- Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
A) Heterochromatin is in prokaryotes, and euchromatin is in eukaryotes
B) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally silent, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active
C) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active, and euchromatin is transcriptionally silent
D) Heterochromatin is in eukaryotes, euchromatin is in prokaryotes
A
Heterochromatin is transcriptionally silent, euchromatin is transcriptionally active
19
Q
- What is meant by the term semi-conservative replication?
A) One template DNA strand and one complementary newly synthesized strand of each chromosome go into the daughter cells
B) For each existing chromosome, two template DNA strands go into one daughter cell and two newly synthesized strands of DNA go into the other daughter cell
C) Each DNA molecule of the daughter cells contains a mixture of template DNA and newly synthesized DNA
D) None of the above
A
One template DNA strand and one complementary newly synthesized strand of each chromosome go into the daughter cells
20
Q
- Draw a replication for (1/2 of a bubble) illustrating DNA replication. Clearly label the 5’ and 3’ ends of the DNA molecules, label the relative location and names of the enzymes and proteins participating in the replication process, and label the leading and lagging strands.
A
drawing.
21
Q
- Illustrate a step in the transcription of a prokaryotic gene. Clearly label the 5’ and 3’ ends of the nucleic acid molecules, the relative location and names of protein(s) participating in the transcription process, the direction the RNA polymerase is heading, the location of the promoter, terminator, and the coding strand and the template strand.
A
drawing
22
Q
- Use the Genetic Code to TRANSLATE the open reading frame in the following mRNA
5’- GGCUCAUGCAAGCUUGGGGGUAGCGAAAUC-3’
A
5’- GGCUC(AUG)(CAA)(GCU)(UGG)(GGG)(UAG)CGAAAUC-3’
3’-STOP Gin Arg Ala Trp Gly Arg-5’
