Genetics quiz

Question 1

What are sex chromosomes?

Answer 1

X & Y Chromosomes

Question 2

What are autosomes

Answer 2

the remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes

Question 3

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 3

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same length, centromere location, and banding patterns.

Question 4

What are genes

Answer 4

sections of DNA that contain genetic information for the inheritance of specific traits, ex. hair color.

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Different form of the same gene.

Question 6

What happens in G1 of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

Rapid cell growth and activity

Question 7

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

Synthesis of DNA (Replication)

Question 8

What happens during G2 in the cell cycle?

Answer 8

cell activity in preparation for division

Question 9

What 2 chromosomes do females have?

Answer 9

2 X Chromosomes

Question 10

What 2 chromosomes do men have?

Answer 10

1 X and Y Chromosome

Question 11

What may happen during G0?

Answer 11

A resting phase, neither dividing or preparing to divide.

Question 12

how many diploids do humans have?

Answer 12

46 chromosomes

Question 13

are all 23 pairs of chromosomes homologous?

Answer 13

No, 22 of them are and the 23rd pair may or may not be homologous.

Question 14

Difference between haploid and diploid chromosomes

Answer 14

Haploid is a single strand, diploids is two

Question 15

What is a gamete?

Answer 15

a female or male reproductive cell.

Question 16

DNA is parallel with

Answer 16

5^1 Phosphorus & OH 3^1

Question 17

What cell does mitosis produce

Answer 17

Somatic cells

Question 18

What cell does meiosis produce

Answer 18

Gametes

Question 19

When is DNA replicated?

Answer 19

During the S phase

Question 20

Number of daughter cells produced during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 20

mitosis: 2
Meiosis: 4

Question 21

What are zygotes?

Answer 21

a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes

Question 22

What only happens in meiosis?

Answer 22

• Pairing of homologous chromosomes
• crossing over

Question 23

What is a tetrad?

Answer 23

4 chromatids

Question 24

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?

Answer 24

During the S phase

Question 25

During which phase of the cell cycle deals with no more cell division>

Answer 25

G0 phase

Question 26

Which phase of cell cycle does rapid cell growth and cell activity occur?

Answer 26

G1 phase

Question 27

which phase of cell cycle does cell activity in preperation for cell division occur

Answer 27

G2 phase

Question 28

T or F - specialized cells do certain tasks

Answer 28

True

Question 29

3 characteristics of a DNA molecule

Answer 29

- held by hydrogen bonds - DNA is antiparallel - Nucleotides

Question 30

Trisomy meaning

Answer 30

Extra chromosome

Question 31

Trisomy types and names

Answer 31

trisomy 13/patau syndrome, trisomy 18/Edward syndrome, trisomy 21/down syndrome

Question 32

Sex chromosome types and names

Answer 32

XXY/Klinefelter, XYY/Jacobs syndrome, XXX/Triple X, XO/Turner syndrome

Question 33

Name two processes that increase genetic diversity

Answer 33

Crossing over and random assortment

Question 34

Non-disjunction meaning?

Answer 34

the failure of homologous or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis one or two

Question 35

What is the purpose of spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Answer 35

To make gametes.

Question 36

what chromatids separate in meiosis one and two

Answer 36

one - homologous chromatids two - sister chromatids

Question 37

WHat is a aneuploidy

Answer 37

a condition by having extra or missing chromosomes

Question 38

What is a monosomy and an example

Answer 38

the loss of one chromosome in a pair, ex. Turner syndrome XO

Question 39

what is a trisomy and an example

Answer 39

Three copies of any one chromosome pair. EX. down syndrome trisomy 21

Question 40

Law of segregation

Answer 40

two alleles for a heritable character that separate during gamete formation.

Question 41

law of independent assortment

Answer 41

each pair of alleles segregating from each OTHER pair of alleles during gamete formation.

Question 42

What happens in prophase

Answer 42

Prophase - Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope disappears.

Question 43

Late prophase

Answer 43

Late prophase - Chromosomes attach to spindle fibres

Question 44

Metaphase

Answer 44

Metaphase - Chromosomes line up at the equator

Question 45

Anaphase

Answer 45

Anaphase - Sister chromatids are pulled apart

Question 46

Telophase

Answer 46

Telophase - cell divides and 2 nuclei are formed.

Question 47

Prophase I

Answer 47

Prophase I - Homologous chromosomes are paired and crossing over occurs.

Question 48

Metaphase I

Answer 48

Metaphase I - Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and pairs connect

Question 49

Anaphase I

Answer 49

Anaphase I - Homologous chromosomes are separate

Question 50

telophase and cytokinesis I

Answer 50

Telophase and cytokinesis I - 2 nuclei form

Question 51

prophase II

Answer 51

Prophase II - Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and nuclear membrane disappears

Question 52

Metaphase II

Answer 52

Metaphase II - Chromosomes line up in single file

Question 53

Anaphase II

Answer 53

Anaphase II - sister chromatids are separated

Question 54

Telophase and cytokinesis II

Answer 54

Telophase and cytokinesis II - 4 nuclei form

Question 55

Name three differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Answer 55

Timing and location, cytokinesis, and the number and type being produced.

Question 56

When is DNA replicated in meiosis and mitosis

Answer 56

cytokinesjis

Question 57

does synapsis occur in meiosis or mitosis if so wehn

Answer 57

MITOSIS - NO MEIOSIS - PROPHASE

Question 58

importance of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 58

mitosis - growth and developmnent meiosis - sexual reproduction