Genital System

Question 1

what part of the mesoderm creates the genital system?

Answer 1

intermediate

Question 2

T/F. The intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

The intermediate mesoderm forms the bilateral _____ ______.

Answer 3

urogenital ridge

Question 4

Each urogenital ridge is retroperitoneal and has what two portions?

Answer 4

nephrogenic cord and gonadal ridge

Question 5

The ____ (medial/lateral) portion of the urogenital ridge contributes to the nephrogenic cord during the ___th week of development.

Answer 5

lateral; 4

Question 6

The medial portion of the urogenital ridge contributes to the _____ ridge during the __th week of development.

Answer 6

gonadal; 5

Question 7

weeks ___ - ___ are known as the indifferent stage of sexual development.

Answer 7

1 - 6

Question 8

when is genetic sex determined?

Answer 8

at the time of conception

Question 9

There is no visible differences between males and females until the ___th week.

Answer 9

7

Question 10

What are the two genital ducts?

Answer 10

Mesonephric (Wolffian) and Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts

Question 11

Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonadal ridge beginning at week ___ and arrive there by week ___.

Answer 11

4; 6

Question 12

The _______ lining each gonadal ridge thickens and ______ cells become gonadal ____ cells.

Answer 12

mesothelium; mesothelia; cord cells

Question 13

Cord cells form solid ____ ____ that sink into underlying ______ to “welcome” (envelop) primordial germ cells.

Answer 13

gonadal (cortical) cords; mesenchyme

Question 14

What is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome?

Answer 14

SRY gene

Question 15

What does the SRY gene code for?

Answer 15

TDF (testes-determining factor)

Question 16

TDF induces the formation of what structures?

Answer 16

Leydig cells and Seminiferous tubules + Rete testes

Question 17

where do Leydig cells develop?

Answer 17

from mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

Question 18

At what week do cord cells form primitive gonadal (cortical ) cords?

Answer 18

6 week

Question 19

Gonadal cords separate from the cortex and extend into the ____ of testicles to form _____ _____ and _____ ______.

Answer 19

medulla; seminiferous tubules; rete testes

Question 20

what induces mesonephric ducts to form male genital ducts?

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

what cells produce testosterone?

Answer 21

leydig cells

Question 22

what does testosterone stimulate the formation of?

Answer 22

male genital ducts and external genitalia

Question 23

what week does testosterone peek?

Answer 23

week 8

Question 24

What are the three male genital ducts?

Answer 24

mesonephric duct, superior end of mesonephric duct, and mesonephric tubules

Question 25

The mesonephric ducts becomes what structure?

Answer 25

ductus deferens

Question 26

The superior end of the mesonephric duct develops into what structure?

Answer 26

epididymis

Question 27

what does the mesonephric tubules create?

Answer 27

efferent ductules

Question 28

The ____ ends of the mesonephric ducts develop into the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

Answer 28

caudal

Question 29

when does the descent of the testes begin and end?

Answer 29

begin at week 26 | end at week 32 (testes in scrotum)

Question 30

The ____ extends from the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac).

Answer 30

gubernaculum

Question 31

As the gubernaculum ____, it pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels ____ through the abdominal wall (must traverse the inguinal canal) into the scrotal sac.

Answer 31

shortens; inferiorly

Question 32

the pouch that forms around the 12th week that is carried into the scrotum by the descent of the testes is called the ____ _____.

Answer 32

processes vaginalis

Question 33

the internal spermatic fascia is from the _____ fascia.

Answer 33

transversalis

Question 34

the cremasteric fascia is from the _____ ____ muscle.

Answer 34

internal oblique

Question 35

The external spermatic fascia is from the ____ ____ muscle.

Answer 35

external oblique

Question 36

what is a congential inguinal hernia caused by?

Answer 36

a patent processus vaginalis

Question 37

What develops in a hydroceoele of the testes / spermatic cord?

Answer 37

fluid-filled cysts

Question 38

What condition is known as failure of the testes to descend?

Answer 38

cryptorchidism

Question 39

what is formed if there is no SRy or TDF?

Answer 39

stromal cells and follicular cells

Question 40

where do stromal cells develop from?

Answer 40

the mesenchyme of the gonadal ridge

Question 41

Where do follicular cells develop from?

Answer 41

gonadal cord cells

Question 42

follicular cells surround the primordial germ cells and form ____ _____.

Answer 42

ovarian follicles

Question 43

when do oogonia become primary ooctes?

Answer 43

months 3 - 7

Question 44

if there is low testosterone, what will regress?

Answer 44

mesonephric ducts

Question 45

if there is no mullerin inhibiting hormone because there are no ____ ____, then what structure continues to grow and develop?

Answer 45

sertoli cells; mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts

Question 46

what are the three remnants of the mesonephric duct?

Answer 46

epoophoron, parapphoron, gartner duct cysts

Question 47

which remnant of the mesonephric duct is more superior? inferior?

Answer 47

superior - epoophoron | inferior - paraophoron

Question 48

what structures are the gartner duct cysts located near?

Answer 48

cervix of the uterus

Question 49

what structures will the Mullerian duct form?

Answer 49

uterine tubes, uterus, and superior vagina.

Question 50

T/F. The mullerian duct forms the inferior vagina.

Answer 50

False, it forms the superior vagina

Question 51

The ___ ends of the Mullerian ducts form the uterine tubes.

Answer 51

cranial

Question 52

the caudal ends of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form the ____ ____, which will form the uterus and the superior portion of the vaginal canal.

Answer 52

uterovaginal primordium

Question 53

the uterovaginal primordium contact the dorsal wall of the ____ ____ and induces the formation of a pair of endodermal outgrowths - the ____ ____.

Answer 53

urogenital sinus; sinovaginal bulbs

Question 54

T/F. The sinovaginal bulbs separate from the urogenital sinus and fuse with the uterovaginal primordium.

Answer 54

true.

Question 55

The ____ ____ plate becomes the inferior portion of the vagina.

Answer 55

vaginal plate

Question 56

The urogenital sinus forms the ____ (superior/inferior) vagina.

Answer 56

inferior

Question 57

The central ____ cells of the vaginal plate degenerate, forming the vaginal canal.

Answer 57

endodermal

Question 58

what are the four endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus?

Answer 58

1. sinovaginal bulbs 2. greater vestibular glands 3. urethral glands 4. paraurethral glands

Question 59

T/F. The ovaries do not descend.

Answer 59

False. The ovaries descend, but not to the extent of the testes.

Question 60

The ____ ____ is the superior part of the gubernaculum.

Answer 60

ovarian ligament

Question 61

the ___ ____ of the uterus is the inferior part of the gubernaculum.

Answer 61

round ligament

Question 62

Up to the ___th week, the external genitalia are similar in both sexes.

Answer 62

7th

Question 63

when are the external genitalia fully differentiated?

Answer 63

week 12

Question 64

Early in the ___th week, proliferating mesenchyme produces a ___ ___ (primordium of penis or clitoris) in both sexes at the ____ (crainal/caudal) end of the cloacal membrane.

Answer 64

4th; genital tubercle; cranial

Question 65

Testosterone produced by ____ (Sertoli/Leydig) cells induces the differentiation of male external genitalia.

Answer 65

Leydig

Question 66

what structures fold under ventrally and fuse to form the penile shaft?

Answer 66

urethral folds

Question 67

The ____ ____ fuse at the midline to form the scrotum.

Answer 67

labioscrotal swellings

Question 68

_____(endoderm/ectoderm)-lined distal spongy urethra meets _____(endoderm/ectoderm) lined proximal spongy urethra.

Answer 68

ectoderm; endoderm

Question 69

The genital tubercle forms the ___ ___ in males and the ____ in females.

Answer 69

glans penis; clitoris

Question 70

The urethra folds remain UNfused to form the ___ ___ in females.

Answer 70

labia minora

Question 71

T/F. The labioscrotal swellings fuse posteriorly and anteriorly but remain unfused to form the labia majora.

Answer 71

True.

Question 72

what cells produce Mullerian inhibiting hormone?

Answer 72

sertoli cells

Question 73

What does mullerian inhibiting hormone do?

Answer 73

cause the mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts to regress

Question 74

what is the mullerian duct remnant?

Answer 74

appendix testis