Urinary System

Question 1

Both the urinary and genital system develop from a common mesodermal ridge know as ______ ______?

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

During lateral folding, the intermediate mesoderm moves to a ______ position.

Answer 2

retroperitoneal

Question 3

The three kidney systems develop in a ____ to _____ sequence.

Answer 3

cranial; caudal

Question 4

what are the three kidney systems?

Answer 4

pronephros, mesoneephros, and metanephros

Question 5

T/F. The pronephros is rudimentary and nonfunctional.

Answer 5

True. It degenerates by day 24

Question 6

What day does the pronephros appear?

Answer 6

day 21 (week 4)

Question 7

Where is the pronephros found?

Answer 7

in segmented intermediate mesoderm in the cervical region.

Question 8

T/F. The pronephros is found in the thoracic region.

Answer 8

False. It is found in the cervical region (C5 - C7)

Question 9

The pronephros degenerates by day ___.

Answer 9

24

Question 10

The pronephric ducts run _____ and open into the _____.

Answer 10

caudally; cloaca

Question 11

When does the mesonephros appear?

Answer 11

early week 4

Question 12

What segments of the intermediate mesoderm comprise the mesonephros?

Answer 12

thoracic and lumbar

Question 13

T/F. The mesonephroi are functional and produce urine.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

Urine is produced by the mesonephros and drains along the ________ or _______ duct to the cloaca/bladder.

Answer 14

mesonephric or Wolffian

Question 15

at what week does the thoracic segment of the mesonephros regress?

Answer 15

week 5

Question 16

How long (weeks) does the mesonephros function?

Answer 16

until week 10

Question 17

The mesonephric _____ open into bilateraly mesonephric ducts.

Answer 17

tubules

Question 18

the mesonephric vesicles develop _________.

Answer 18

crainocaudally

Question 19

What are the two mesonephric vesicles?

Answer 19

tubules (~40 total) and primordial nephron

Question 20

The mesonephric ducts extend into the lower _____ and fuse with the ______ to contribute to the _____ bladder.

Answer 20

lumbar; cloaca; posterior

Question 21

what are the two components of the metanephros?

Answer 21

1. collecting portion (ureteric bud)

2. excretory portion (metanephric blastema)

Question 22

The collecting portion is known as the _____ bud.

Answer 22

ureteric

Question 23

The excretory portion is called the metanephric _____.

Answer 23

blastema

Question 24

What day does the ureteric bud appear?

Answer 24

day 28

Question 25

The metanephros begins when the metanephric ______ (ureteric buds) sprout from the _____ end of the mesonephric _____ at about ____ weeks.

Answer 25

diverticulum; distal; ducts; 5

Question 26

what induces the intermediate mesoderm to form a metanephric blastema?

Answer 26

ureteric buds

Question 27

what region does the metanephric blastema form?

Answer 27

sacral region

Question 28

What structures does the metanephric blastema form?

Answer 28

glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

Question 29

What is the process called where close proximity to the ureteric bud is needed to induce nephron differentiation?

Answer 29

reciprocal induction

Question 30

T/F. If the ureteric bud is missing or abnormal, the kidney does not develop.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

what three structures does the collecting portion include?

Answer 31

ureter, renal pelvis, and major & minor calyces

Question 32

What structures are included in the excretory portion?

Answer 32

Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 33

What weeks does the ascent of the kidneys take place?

Answer 33

weeks 6 - 9

Question 34

the ascent of the kidneys initially form near the ____ end of the embryo

Answer 34

caudal

Question 35

Vascular buds grow toward the _____ _____ artery

Answer 35

common iliac

Question 36

T/F. The kidneys drag their blood supply with them as they ascend

Answer 36

False. They send out new and slightly more cranial branches causing the regression of more caudal branches.

Question 37

what are three clinical conditions related to the ascent of the kidney?

Answer 37

1. Pelvic kidney 2. Horseshoe kidney 3. Supernumerary arteries

Question 38

The cloaca in the hindgut is divided by what structure?

Answer 38

urorectal septum

Question 39

The urorectal septum creates a ventral _____ _____ and a dorsal _____ _____.

Answer 39

urogenital sinus; anorectal canal

Question 40

The allantois, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus, leaves a remnant called the _____.

Answer 40

urachus

Question 41

The distal portions of the _______ ducts and ureteric ducts become incorporated into the posterior aspect of the _____, creating the trigone.

Answer 41

mesonephric; bladder

Question 42

what structures arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus in females?

Answer 42

entire urethra and part of the vagina

Question 43

what structures arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus in males?

Answer 43

prostatic and membranous urethras

Question 44

what structures arise from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus in males?

Answer 44

the spongy urethra

Question 45

what three conditions are associated with a persistent intraembryonic allantois?

Answer 45

urachal cyst, urachal sinus (superior portion has opening at umbilicus), and urachal fistula (entire duct is opening into the umbilicus)

Question 46

A male newborn presents with exposure and protrusion of the mucosal surface of the posterior wall of the bladder. What condition is this?

Answer 46

exstrophy of the bladder.