Genital Systems Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the 3 kidney systems and when do they form?
- pronephros– early in week 4
- mesonephos– when pronephros begins to regress
- metanephros – week 5 = permanent kidney
What forms the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus?
excretory tubules and tufts of capillaries => renal corpuscle
The tubules of the mesonepheric system enter a collecting duct called_______
mesonephric duct or wolffian duct
When do majority of the mesonephric ducts disappear?
end of 2nd month
describe the utereic bud
it is an outgrowth of mesonepheric tissue that penetrates the metanephric blastema. it is the collecting duct for this system and bud dilation results in a primitive renal pelvis –> splits into major calyces and then minor calyces
What structures come off the ureteric bud? (5)
ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubules
What is a nephron
functional unit of the kidney (tubules and glomeruli)
When does urine production begin?
10th week
When are the kidneys fully functional?
12th week
What is the Urachus?
it is the obliterated lumen of the allantois that connects the bladder with the umbilicus
What does the urachus exist as in adults?
median umbilical ligament
Describe the epithelium change of the bladder
mesoderm is eventually replaced by endodermal epithelium
Wilm’s tumor is causd by what?
mutation in WTI gene
WAGR syndrome is a caused by what? What does WAGR stand for?
microdeletion on chromosome 11 –> involves PAX6 and WTI – Wilm’s tumor, Anirida, Gonadoblastoma, Retardation
Multicystic dysplastic kidney is caused by what? What structures fail to develop correctly?
GDNF mutation – nephron fails to develop and ureteric bud fails to branch, also renal agenesis
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is a mutation of what chromosome?
16.
What is the difference between ARPKD and ADPKD?
ADPKD is more common but less progressive, chromosome 16 (85%) chromosome 4 (15%)
Describe a horseshoe kidney.
Kidneys fused b/c they are close together, the IMA blocks their ascent
When do germ cells arise from the epiblast?
week 2
When do germ cells migrate to the yolk sac?
Week 3
When do germ cells migrate to the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut?
week 5
When do germ cells arrive at the genital ridge?
week 6
Where does SRY gene come from what does it do?
it is on Y chromosome, it codes for testes-determining factor and causes maleness
what is the purpose of the tunica albuginea?
seperates cords from surface epithelium
