Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS 193 [Exam #3] > Genitourinary Disorder > Flashcards

Genitourinary Disorder Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the general pathophysiology of Cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder by either infectious or noninfectious causes

  • infectious is the most common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the two types of Cystitis

A
  • Infectious Cystitis
  • Noninfectious Cystitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of infectious cystitis?

A
  • Pathogens migrate from the bowel/vagina -> urethra-> bladder, causing infection and inflammation
    -> Causes: Virus, Mycobacteria, Parasites, Yeast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some causes of infectious cystitis?

A
  • long term catheter use
  • obstruction/ prostate enlargement
    -> infrequent voiding:
    —> urine stasis -> bacterial growth
  • poor personal hygiene
    -> not voiding after intercourse
  • menopause
    -> ↓ estrogen levels = ↑ risk of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of noninfectious cystitis?

A
  • inflammation not due to pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some causes of noninfectious cystitis?

A
  • Medication/Radiation
  • Feminine hygiene sprays/ Spermicides
  • Long term catheter use without infection
  • Immunological response/Complications from disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disorders can cause cyctitis if complications arise?

A
  • Gynecological cancer
  • Pelvic inflammatory disorder
  • Endometriosis
  • Crohn’s DZ
  • Diverticulitis
  • Lupus
  • Tuberculosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are general clinical manifestations (S/S) of cystitis?

A
  • ↑ Frequency & Urgency
  • Incontinence
  • Dysuria, Pyuria, Nocturia, Hematuria
  • Incomplete bladder emptying
    -> Urine retention
    -> Difficulty initiating stream
  • low back pain
  • Suprapubic tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Cystitis present itself in older adults?

A
  • CONFUSION
  • Unexplained falls
  • Sudden Incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A complication of Cystitis is Urosepsis. What is Urosepsis? What are clinical manifestations of Urosepsis?

A

spread of UTI to bloodstream

  • Fever
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What diagnostic procedures can be used to diagnose Cystitis?

A
  • Urinalysis & Culture:
    -> Clean catch (must be clean; no contamination)
    —> pt collection or straight catheter
  • Pelvis US or CT
    -> indentify obstruction
  • Cystoscopy for recurrent UTIs
    -> Identify structural abnomalities causing UTIs
  • Hx & physical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Josh has been diagnosed with Cystitis. What treatments/medications do you expect Josh to recieve?

A
  • ABX
  • Antiseptics
  • Analgesics
  • Antispasmodics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What might the doctor order at the end of drug therapy?

A
  • UA to make sure infection is gone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name a type of hospital nursing intervention for Cystitis?

A
  • Sitz bath (not common)
    -> Warm water will irrigate the area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Karen has been diagnosed with Cystitis for the 67th time this month. What preventative education should nurse Abby provide in regards to, personal hygiene, clothing type and general interventions, to Karen?

A

Prevention Education:

  • Personal Hygiene
    -> Shower, NO bath
    -> Peri-care after each bowel movement
    -> Wipe front to back
    -> Uriantion after intercouse
  • Clothing type
    -> Cotton underwear
    -> Loose clothing
  • ↑ fluid intake to 2-3 liters per day
  • Encourage voiding q2h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

A
  1. Increase in male hormone (DHT) → hyperplasia
    -> Hyperplasia = cells of prostate multiply too much → enlarged prostate (NOT SWOLLEN)
  2. May enlarge into prostate = blockage
    -> ↑ residuals & retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which patients is BPH typically seen in?

A
  • Older aging males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If left untreated, BPH can develop into Acture Urinary and Chronic Urinary Retention. In regards to Acute Urinary Retention, how does it affect voiding and what type of care is needed?

A
  • COMPLETE inability to void
  • require emergency care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If left untreated, BPH can develop into Acture Urinary and Chronic Urinary Retention. In regards to Chronic Urinary Retention, how does it affect voiding and what causes does it have on the body?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Incomplete voiding
  • Causes urine backflow and pressure
    -> Hydroureters (dilated ureters)
    -> Hydronephrosis (swelling of kidney)
20
Q

If Acute Urinary or Chronic Urinary Retention are left untreated, what can they result in?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Chronic Kidney Failure
21
Q

What are clinical manifestations of BPH?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hesitancy/Straining to start urination
    -> “Weak” stream
    —> incomplete sensation
  • Dribbling/eaking
  • Hematuria/Nocturia
  • Irritable/Depression
  • UTI or calculi (from urinary stasis)
22
Q

What are diagnostic procedures to diagnose BPH?

What diagnostic procedures are used to assess the size of teh prostate?

What diagnostic procedures are used to assess for prostate cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Urinalysis & Culture

Assess if prostate is enlarged

  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
    -> primary test to assess prostate
  • Transabdominal/Transrectal (TRUS)

Assess prostate cancer (if elavated = prostate cancer)

  • (Prostate Specific Antigen) PSA Tests
  • Acid Phosphate
  • Prostate tissue biopsy

Other:

  • BUN/Creatinine
    -> Assess kidney fxn
  • WBC
    -> assess for infection
  • H&H
    -> assess for bleeding
23
Q

What are First Line treatment options for a patient who has BPH?

Study These Flashcards
A

First Line - Drug Therapy (Hormonal Tx) - least invasive
Goal: decrease prostate size and increase urine flow

  • 5-ARI (5-alpha-reductase inhibitors)
  • Alpha adrenergic blockers
    -> Tamulosin (Flomax)
24
Q

What are Second Line treatment/procedure options for a patient who has BPH?

Study These Flashcards
A

Second Line: Procedures

  • Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) - MOST COMMON
    -> Remove enlarged prostate portion via endoscopic instrument with laser
  • Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP)
    -> Remove enlarged prostate portion with laser
  • Prostate Stents
    -> Place stent into urethra to maintain permanent patency
25
Chipper Snapper the 3rd had to get a Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) done for his severely enlarged 10 inch prostate. Chip was told he needs continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). What is continious bladder irrigation? What is the purose of CBI? Describe the different parts of the CBI. | What are some considerations for CBI?
**3-way foley catheter** used to **flush** blood clot and **pvt** urethral blockage - One line: Inflate balloon - Other line: irrigation - solution goes into bladder - Other line: drainage - urine and blood come out | Maintain CBI rate to keep urine clear without clots
26
After Chipper Snapper the 3rd got his underwent the **TURP** procedure, he is expessing concerns regarding his sexual health since his doctor said a **complicaiton** of **TURP** is **Retrograde Ejaculation**. Chip is worried and confused about this new complicaiton that he may face. How should nurse explain what retrograde ejaculation is to the patient?
- Retrograde ejaculation is when the ejaculation goes into the bladder.
27
Josh is suspected to have **BPH**. What **assessment** should you do on Josh?
- Urinary S/S -> poor urine control/hematuria/epigastric pain - Retention > 60 ml - Recurrent UTs - Embarrassment
28
Josh is turning 49 years old and is worried about potentially developing BPH. What preventitve education should Abby provide to josh to help prevent development of BPH?
- Rectal exams start at age 50 - Avoid alcohol, caffeine, diuretics/drinking large volumes in a short time -> irritation & increase urine production → pvt overfilling of the bladder - Eliminate meds that cause urinary retention -> Antihistamines, decongestants, anticholinergics
29
Josh recently underwent TURPs. What post-op assessment should abby do?
- Pain/Infection/Bleeding -> Should not be excessive & bright red - I&Os: Monitor if UO < 30 ml/hr -> color , consistency, amount -> Urine should be clear/pink not **bright red** - Hand irrigation
30
T/F: WHen monitoring urnine output, you want to include the irrigation fluid since the patient is technically peeing it out.
False, You do not include irrigation fluid. You need to subtract irrigation fluid from total output to determine true urine output
31
Older dults with BPH may experience some disorientation. What can the nurse do to help the patient?
- Reorient frequently -> Have family bring familiar things from home - Remind to not wait for full bladder -> Urinate as soon as they have an urge -> Wait for bladder to fully empty (pvt stasis) - Distraction - Do not use restraints
32
What are some examples hospital-acquired infections?
- CAUTIs - CLABSIs - Surgical Site Infection (SSI) - MRSA - CDI
33
T/F: Hospitals with high HAI cases receive more funding from MediCare to present infection
False, hospitals receive reduced pay from MediCare if they have high cases of HAI
34
What creates teh highest risk for CAUTI?
- prolonged use & duration of indwelling catheters
35
In order to prevent CAUTIs, you should ________ catheter use & duration
minimize
36
To minimize CAUTI risk, a catherter should be remved ____ hours after post-op.
24
37
In order to decrease the possibility of a CAUTI, certain hospitals have policies put in place to allow nurses to remove a catheter ____ doctors orders
without
38
Instead of utilizing an indwelling catheter, nurses should consider using an ________ catheter or ________ catheter.
exteral or intermittent
39
What is utiized to assess a patient urine volume? What can it help identify?
**Bladder Scan** - helps identify catheterization needs and low urine output
40
There is a preexisting order for a foley catheter for a patient who is having complaints of being unale to urinate. Nurse abby performs a bladder scan once and sees a urine volume of 280 ml. With these findings, Nurse Abby decides to insert a foley catheter into the patient. What did Nurse Abby do wrong? What should she have done?
**MISTAKES:** - Only scanned the bladder once - Inserted foley with urine volume of 280 ml **CORRECTIONS:** - Perform bladder scan 3 times - Only insert foley if urine volume is over 300 ml
41
What type of stystem is important to maintain in catheter management to prevent infection? Why is closed continuous irrigation important in catheter management?
- closed drainage system - closed continuous irrigation to prevent obstruction
42
What type of precautions should be used during catheter care?
- Use standard precautions
43
Why should you keep the catheter tube from kinking?
- kinking can cause retention and stasis
44
Where should the catheter bag be positioned in relation to the bladder?
- Keep bag below bladder
45
The catheter bag should be cleaned ______.
regularly
46
How often should the insertion site be cleaned?
- cleanse insertion site daily

NURS 193 [Exam #3] (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions