Genome Structure, Chromatin and Nucleosome

Question 0

Complexity and density relationship

Answer 0

The more complex an organism the lower its gene density and vice versa

Question 1

Why is compaction of DNA necessary?

Answer 1

DNA is an extremely large molecule and must be compacted to fit inside cell.

Question 2

Introns

Answer 2

Non-protein coding regions

- become mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 3

Intergenic sequences

Answer 3

Portion of a genome that does not code for proteins or structural RNAs

Question 4

Pseudogenes

Answer 4

Sequences that look like coding genes but are not

Question 5

G1 of interphase

Answer 5

Cells grow and build up ATP

Question 6

G0

Answer 6

Cells do not enter s-phase and instead perform a specific function for the organism

Question 7

S-phase

Answer 7

DNA is replicated for cell division

Question 8

G2-phase

Answer 8

Prepares for cell division

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

Nuclear membrane disintegrates

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

Chromosome line up at cells center and spindles form

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

Spindles attach to chromosome and begin to pull apart sister-chromatids to polar ends of cell

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

Chromatids reach polar end and nuclear membrane reforms

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

Cell divides into two identical cells

Question 14

Critical transition

Answer 14

Occurs between prophase and metaphase

- important because if it goes wrong one of the daughter cells may have an extra/missing chromosome

Question 15

Centromeres

Answer 15

Keep sister chromatids together

Question 16

Cohesin

Answer 16

Stabilizes DNA during replication

Breaks (cleaved) when spindles attach and begin pulling