Genomics Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is a genome?
A genome is the complete set of genetic information needed to build and maintain an organism.
How similar are human genomes to each other?
99.8% to 99.9% similar.
Where is the genome found in humans?
In nearly every cell in the body.
What does Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analyze?
All of an organismճ genetic information.
What are the benefits of Whole Genome Sequencing?
Speed, specificity, and accuracy of results.
What causes differences like eye and hair color in humans?
Variations in the genome.
What disease is the most common result of DNA changes?
Cancer.
What are somatic variants?
DNA changes that occur during a personճ lifetime; not inherited.
What are germline variants?
DNA changes present in sperm or eggs; can be inherited.
Can germline variants guarantee disease development?
No. Additional DNA changes are usually required for disease to develop.
What genes are associated with increased breast/ovarian cancer risk?
BRCA1 and BRCA2.
What percentage of rare diseases are linked to genomic changes?
0.8
What is pharmacogenomics?
The study of how a personճ genome affects drug response.
What can pharmacogenomics help predict?
Drug metabolism, effectiveness, and potential side effects.
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease (e.g., viruses, bacteria).
How can genome sequencing help treat infections?
By identifying the pathogen, detecting drug resistance, and ensuring accurate treatment.
How can genome sequencing help in outbreaks?
By understanding relationships between cases and identifying shared infection sources.
