Prevention Is Better Than Cure Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is genomics?
The study of an organism’s complete DNA; used to assess disease risk.
What is personalised medicine?
A treatment approach tailored to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
What does pharmacogenomics study?
How genes affect individual responses to drugs.
What is epigenetics?
Reversible modifications affecting gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?
Tumor suppressor genes; mutations increase risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
Which gene affects statin metabolism and may lead to myopathy?
SLCO1B1 gene.
Which enzyme metabolises clopidogrel and affects clotting risk?
CYP2C19.
Which gene codes for tau proteins linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
MAPT gene.
Which gene variant is linked to increased Alzheimer’s risk and myelin issues?
APOE4.
Which gene is linked to severe fluoropyrimidine reactions in chemotherapy?
DPYD gene.
What did the PREPARE study show?
A 30% reduction in ADRs with pharmacogenomic testing.
What is WID-CIN used for?
An epigenomic test to detect precancerous cervical cells.
What does a polygenic score do?
Combines multiple genetic variants to estimate disease risk.
What is the pharmacist’s role in personalised medicine?
Optimising medicines, identifying patients for screening, reducing ADRs.
How does epigenetics differ from genetics?
Epigenetics controls gene expression and is reversible; genetics involves fixed DNA sequences.
