Genomics, Chapter 12

Question 0

Recombinant DNA (rDNA)

Answer 0

Product of the combined DNA of at least two sources.

Question 1

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 1

Enzymes responsible for the cutting of DNA strands at specific locations.

Question 2

Plasmid

Answer 2

Circular DNA in bacteria in bacteria set apart from the main source of DNA.

Question 3

Vector

Answer 3

A simple gene carrier.

Question 4

Nucleic Acid Probes (NAPs)

Answer 4

Small, radioactive DNA strands responsible for locating specific sequences on a larger DNA strand.

Question 5

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 5

Process where DNA strands are compared by size.

Question 6

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Answer 6

Organism that has obtained artificial DNA rather than natural DNA.

Question 7

Somatic Cells vs Germ Cells

Answer 7

Somatic = cells for non-reproductive use.
Germ = cells for reproductive use.

Question 8

DNA Ligase

Answer 8

Enzyme responsible for splicing DNA strands together.

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

One set of genetic information from one organism.

Question 10

Microarray

Answer 10

Glass slide that holds DNA exposed to NAPs to see if any light up.

Question 11

Restriction Fragments (RFLPs)

Answer 11

Pieces of free DNA cut from restriction enzymes.

Question 12

Gene Therapy

Answer 12

Alteration of an afflicted individual’s genes.

1) Put desired gene into virus.
2) Put virus into bone marrow cell of individual.
3) Put bone marrow cell back into the individual’s bone marrow.

Question 13

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 13

Fast process in which DNA is cloned using the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Question 14

Complimentary DNA (cDNA)

Answer 14

A DNA strand copied from an mRNA strand so it has no introns by using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Question 15

Cloning

Answer 15

Creation of an identical copy of the original.

Question 16

Genomic Library

Answer 16

Entire collection of cloned DNA from a genome.

Question 17

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 17

Process of comparing different DNA using southern blotting.

Question 18

How do you clone a gene in a bacterial cell?

Answer 18

1) Insert desired gene into plasmid of bacterial cell through DNA ligase.
2) Clone the bacterial cells, thus cloning the desired gene.

Question 19

Goals of the Human Genome Project

Answer 19

1) Genetic Mapping - Identification of genetic markers on a pedigree.
2) Physical Mapping - Identification of loci on chromosomes.
3) DNA Sequencing - Identification of the sequence of bases on a DNA strand.