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Histopath > GenPath (inflammation) > Flashcards

GenPath (inflammation) Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Vascular stimulation of platelets is a hallmark of acute inflammation

A

True

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2
Q

Characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and movement of fluid
and leukocytes

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Occur when inflammatory response is unable to
eliminate the injurious agent or restore injured
tissue to its normal state.

A

Chronic inflammation

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4
Q

chemical mediator that cause chemotaxis

A

Leukotrienes

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5
Q

true or false: Granulomas are the morphological hallmark of
granulomatous inflammation

A

True

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6
Q

The process of transfer from the inside the bloodvessel to outside the blood vessel

A

Diapedesis

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7
Q

powerful vasodilator

A

histamine

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8
Q

Activation of coagulation
will result in the production of ___

A

fibrin

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9
Q

true or false: the presence of cells characteristic of chronic inflammation does not necessarily imply existence of a persistent inflammation

A

True (A chronic inflammatory infiltrate can also be primary response to parasitic infections
 certain immune diseases
 parasitic infestations
 malignant tumors

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10
Q

True or False: Injury can be from a physical agent, chemical agent, or pathogen.

A

True

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11
Q

The recruitment of these WBCs to the area of injury

A

Chemotaxis

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12
Q

The mechanism for dealing with indigestible
substances.

A

Granulomatous inflammation

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13
Q

The type of fluid that will go out from the inflammation is

A

exudate (exudate because there is not only water that will come out but also proteins and plasma)

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14
Q

Triggers inflammation

A

tissue injury

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15
Q

Primary or Secondary: Myeloperoxidase

A

Primary

Mnemonics for primary:
LyMA(Lima)
- Lysozyme
- Myeloperoxidase
- Acid hydrolases

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16
Q

process by which neutrophils will go near the blood vessel wall and adhere to the endothelial lining

A

margination

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17
Q

causes an increase in permeability and also responsible for the stimulation of your pain receptors

A

Bradykinin

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18
Q

two of the major cytokines that mediate infl ammation.

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1.

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19
Q

diseases that is characterized by formation of granulomas and the formation of this granuloma are poorly explained. This is type of immune disease.

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Platelets and enterochromaffin cells

A

serotonin

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21
Q

Granuloma giant cell that is arranged in No particular order, arranged haphazardl

A

Foreign body giant cells

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22
Q

True or False: Granulomatous inflammation are populated by multinucleated giant cells formed by cytoplasmic fusion of macrophages

A

True

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23
Q

during this inflammatory stage both soluble mediators and cellular inflammatory systems are activated.

A

Amplification

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24
Q

Characterized by the production of large amount of pus (“nana”) consisting of neutrophils, necroticcells,and edema fluid.

A

Suppurative

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25
Q

Characteristic inflammation of body cavities

A

Fibrous inflammation

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26
Q

primary site at which vasoactive mediators induce
endothelial changes including endothelial cell
contraction and gap formation

A

Post Capillary Venule

27
Q

True or False: Leprosy elicits Granulomatous inflammation

A

True
Granumalotous infla can be elicited from:
a) Fungal infections
b) Tuberculosis
c) Leprosy
d) Schistosomiasis
e) Presence of foreign material, i.esuture, talc
f) Sarcoidosis

28
Q

substances found in the plasma inside
the blood vessel or they are secreted by cells that participate
in the inflammatory response

A

Chemical mediators

29
Q

manifested by formation of gaps in the
endothelial lining of the blood vessels

A

Increase vascular permeability

30
Q

group of molecules synthesized in the liver and release in the circulation in response to acute inflammatory response

A

acute phase reactants

31
Q

Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by sloughing(orshedding) of the inflammatory necrotic tissue.

A

Ulcers

32
Q

Characterized when there is activation of the procurement
factors in the blood so this will result in the deposition of fibrin.

A

Fibrous inflammation

33
Q

true or false: chemical mediators are short live

A

true

34
Q

True or False: Presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

A

False (its the hallmark for acute infla)

35
Q

proteins produced by many cell types (principally activated lymphocytes and macrophages, but also
endothelial, epithelial, and connective tissue cells) that modulate the functions of other cell types.

A

Cytokines

36
Q

Excess fluid with low protein content

A

Transudate

37
Q

Edema fluid with high protein content which
frequently contains inflammatory cells.

A

Exudate

38
Q

True or False: In granulomatous infalmmation, lymphocytes undergo changes In structure that transforms them into plasma cells

A

False: they transform to epithelioid cells

39
Q

Reaction of a tissue and its microcirculation to a
pathologic insult

A

Inflammation

40
Q

Multiple sites of action, but LYSIS is the underlying theme

A

Complement system

41
Q

He described that inflammation is a reaction to prior tissue injury.

A

Rudolf Virchow

42
Q

Increase in the calibre in the lumen of the blood vessel

A

Vasodilatation

43
Q

Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, vasodilation
(mast cell stimulation)

A

Complement products
(C5a, C3a, C4a)

44
Q

have negative charges. They are
unstable compounds and they are highly reactive to cellular
systems that is why they are very destructive

A

Oxygen free radicals

45
Q

Earliest response following tissue injury occurs within?

A

microvasculature (small blood vessels)

46
Q

Increase in the number of circulating leucocytes.

A

LEUCOCYTOSIS

47
Q

characterized clinically by fever, leucocytosis,decreased appetite, altered sleep patterns

A

acute phase reactants

48
Q

true or false: chemical mediators usually has non specific targets

A

false (they have specific targets)

49
Q

All are components of granulomas except:
 Fibroblasts
 Lymphocytes
 Macrophage
 “multinucleated giant cells

A

NOTC
Macrophage = histiocytes

50
Q

Seen in patient with chronic debilitating diseases, typhoid fever, and certain viral and rickettsia infections.

A

LEUCOPENIA

51
Q

granuloma giant cell that happens when the nuclei are arranged around the periphery
of the cell in a horseshoe pattern

A

Langhans giant cells

52
Q

Also vasodilatation, but more indirect; Evokes nitric oxide synthetase

A

serotonin

53
Q

Recruitment of your white blood cells to the area of injury.

A

leukocyte actvation

54
Q

inhibit chemotaxis. It has a different action to other
eicosanoids. It causes vasodilatation and counteracts other
actions of your chemical mediators like your leukotrienes

A

Lipoxins

55
Q

movement of fluid into the extravascular space which exceeds the clearance ability of the lymphatics

A

Edema

56
Q

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation, killing of
microbes

A

Nitric oxide

57
Q

(5HT, 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine)

A

serotonin

58
Q

stage of inflammatory process where it is stimulated when injury to tissues has occurred.

A

Initiation

59
Q

true or false: chemical mediators can cause cascade

A

true

60
Q

Excess body fluid

A

Effusion

61
Q

Local endothelial activation (expression of
adhesion molecules), fever/pain/anorexia/
hypotension, decreased vascular resistance
(shock)

A

Cytokines (TNF, IL-1)

62
Q

Marked by an outpouring of thin fluid from the
blood serum or secretions of mesothelial cells lining
the body cavities (an effusion)

A

Serous inflammation

63
Q

Production of colony-stimulating factors induce proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells.

A

Leucocytosis

64
Q

Primary or Secondary: Lactoferrin

A

Secondary

Mnemonics:
CALL
- Collagenase
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Lactoferrin
- Lysozyme

Histopath (4 decks)

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