Geo Exam Final Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
How long of human existence have we been farmers?
A
- Agriculture appears approximately 10,000 years ago (since the Neolithic Revolution)
- For most of our existence (95%) we lived BEFORE agriculture
2
Q
- growing food to sustain farmer and family
- local consumption, often using traditional methods
A
Subsistence Farming
3
Q
- breeding/herding animals
- practiced in many climatic zones
- species varies with location
A
Pastoralism
4
Q
- Typically practiced outside tropics
- Used to generate food for SALE/PROFIT
- uses modern tools
A
Commercial Farming
5
Q
- amount of resource that is economical to recover
A
Proven Reserve
6
Q
- one that is infinite in supply
Ex: Solar, Wind, Hydroelectric, Biofuels, Geothermal, etc.
A
Renewable Resource
7
Q
- the most significant energy source for countries world-wide
- These energy source are
NON-RENEWABLE
Ex: Coal, oil, and gas = 80%
A
Fossil Fuels
8
Q
How many states are recognized by the UN?
A
- 193 member states are officially recognized by the United Nations.
9
Q
- a political entity with defined borders and sovereignty
A
State
10
Q
- a group of people with a common culture, language, or identity
A
Nation
11
Q
- when a nation and a state largely coincide geographically and politically
Ex: Japan, France, Portugal, South Korea
A
Nation-state
12
Q
- The Kurds are a stateless nation, with populations in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria but no independent country
A
Stateless Nation
13
Q
- forces that divide
Ex: ethnic conflict
A
Centrifugal Force
14
Q
- forces that unite
Ex: national anthem, shared language
A
Centripetal Force
15
Q
Is being landlocked an advantage or disadvantage?
A
- Generally a disadvantage because it limits access to trade via sea routes.
16
Q
- boundaries that follow physical features
Ex: rivers
A
Natural Boundaries
17
Q
- boundaries that follow straight lines or coordinates
A
Geometric Boundaries
18
Q
What is the special case of Antarctica?
A
- Antarctica has no sovereign country; it’s governed by the Antarctic Treaty, which bans military activity and supports scientific research.
19
Q
- An international agreement that defines nations’ rights over ocean use, including territorial waters (12 nautical miles) and exclusive economic zones (200 nautical miles)
A
Law of the Sea
20
Q
Which country has the longest shoreline in the Arctic Ocean?
A
- Russia
21
Q
Example of a military alliance between states?
A
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
22
Q
- drawing political district lines to favor a specific party or group
A
Gerrymandering
23
Q
How did agriculture emerge?
A
- Gradually, as humans shifted from hunting-gathering to domesticating plants and animals, likely due to population pressures and environmental changes
24
Q
What are general characteristics of the Industrial Revolution and its energy source?
A
- It involved mechanization, factory work, and urbanization; it was powered mainly by coal
25
What happened to jobs in the Rust Belt?
- Many manufacturing jobs were lost due to automation and outsourcing, leading to economic decline
26
What sector now dominates in postindustrial countries?
- The tertiary sector (services)
27
What are global and U.S. settlement patterns like?
- Most people live near coasts or rivers globally; in the U.S., people are concentrated in urban and suburban areas.
28
- spread-out farms
Isolated Settlements
29
- close buildings around a center
Compact Settlements
30
- stretched along a road or river
Linear Settlements
31
Where are the world’s largest cities today?
- Mostly in Asia
Ex: Tokyo, Shanghai
32
- a large network of connected cities
Ex: BosWash: Boston to Washington, D.C.
Megaregion
33
Will demand on natural resources increase or decrease?
- Increase, due to population growth and development
34
Where is the highest investment in renewable energy, and which one is Saudi Arabia investing in?
China is leading in renewable investment. Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in solar energy.
35
What are the impacts of burning fossil fuels, and what is the CO₂ pattern today?
It causes climate change, rising CO₂ levels, and warming. CO₂ is at its highest level in over 800,000 years.
36
What chemical destroyed the ozone layer?
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
37
Why do we have oceanic dead zones?
- Caused by excess nutrients (like fertilizer runoff) that lead to algae blooms and low oxygen levels, killing marine life
38
- allows for sustainable use of nature
Conservation
39
- aims to keep nature untouched by humans.
Preservation
