Geo Exam II Flashcards
(44 cards)
Is religion a cultural characteristic?
Religion is a cultural characteristic that can be closely bound to individual identity
Those recognized as the official religion of a country
Ex:
- Denmark & UK: Christianity
- Saudi Arabia & Pakistan: Islam
State Religion
Ex: North Korea only permits Juche
States that Ban Religion
Religions Founded in the US
Mormonism, Jehovah’s Witnesses, 7th Day Adventists, and Scientology
Nature of Religion?
Non-static
A place governed by a religious structure
Theocracy
Places that have built barriers between religion and political life
Secular
Attempts to global and seeks to convert others
Ex: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
Universalizing
Practiced by one group of people in a distinct location; do not make an attempt to proselytize (convert)
Ex: Hinduism (India)
Ethnic Religion
Belief that objects in the natural world have spiritual properties
Animism
- Monotheistic
- Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth (New Testament of bible)
- An offshoot of Judaism
Three main branches: - Roman Catholic
- Orthodox
- Protestant
- Catholic and Orthodox split about 1000 years ago: argument of authority
- Catholic and Protestant split about 500 years ago: argument of doctrine
Christianity
Branch of Christianity that is mostly in Russia and eastern Europe
Orthodox
Branch of Christianity that is more widespread – was adopted as official religion by Roman Empire – then spread to north and western Europe - then carried to other regions of the world during age of exploration (colonization/imperialism)
Catholicism
the most recent branch of Christianity – originated in northern Europe then carried to other regions through migration (colonialism)
Protestantism
- Monotheistic
- Based on the teachings of Muhammad (AD 570-632)
- Offshoot of Judaism
- Moses and Jesus are both considered prophets in Islam Muhammad is just the
the most recent of the prophets
Two main branches and many smaller ones:
+ Sunni (80% Muslims)
+ Shi’a - The split between Sunni and Shi’a based on question of succession (authority)
Islam
- Originated in Indian subcontinent 1500 BC
- Comprises diverse beliefs and traditions that have been assembled over centuries
- Polytheistic
- Bound to the caste system
Hinduism
- An offshoot of Hinduism dating to approximately 1000 BC
- Founded by Siddhartha Guatama (border of Nepal and India)
- NON-theistic – no belief in God creator
- Often considered more of a philosophy
- Practices to help gain insight
- Three branches:
+ Theravada
+ Mahayana
+ Vijrayana
Buddhism
- Hearth is Punjab region of India
- Combines mysticism of Hinduism and Muslim monotheism
- Immigration of Sikhs from India has results in diaspora
Sikhism
- Monotheistic (oldest monotheistic)
- Origins in Bronze Age in eastern Mediterranean region
- Holy book is the Torah
- The original Abrahamic religion (Christianity and Islam are other two)
- Three branches
+ Orthodox
+ Conservative
+ Reform
Judaism
Examples of religions conflict across world:
-Palestine controlled by British empire until end of second world war
- Jewish refugees move into area throughout WWII period -1947 the UN partitions Palestine -Neighboring Arab nations NOT happy and invade -Israel wins wars but expands into Arab territory -To escape fighting 700,000 Palestinian refugees flee to West Bank and Gaza
Name of Irish Peace
treaty
Good Friday Agreement
human constructs (not natural):
- we group people based on superficial differences
Race
- Identification through language, religion, collective history, national origin or any other cultural characteristic - CULTURAL
-ex: African American, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, and Middle Eastern
Ethnicity
- is self identification with a specific country
- group of people connected through a legal and political system (passports, voting rights, etc.)
Nationality
