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Geo test Flashcards

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1
Q

Meteorology

A

The science of the atmosphere concerned with the physical, dynamic and chemical state of the earths atmosphere

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2
Q

Weather

A

The condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place.

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3
Q

What’s the troposphere?

A
  • lowest layer
  • 80% atmospheric mass
  • all weather occurs
  • wettest layer
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4
Q

Atmospheric organisation

A
  • 0-10km troposphere- where weather takes place
  • 25km ozone layer
    -10-30km stratosphere
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5
Q

What is temperature?

A

How hot or cold the atmosphere is, how many degrees above 0 degrees Celsius.

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6
Q

What’s humidity?

A

Amount of water vapour in atmosphere

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7
Q

What’s Precipitation?

A

Product of a rapid condensation process, includes rain, snow, hail etc

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8
Q

Whats atmospheric pressure?

A

The weight of air resting on earths surface

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9
Q

What’s wind?

A

The movement of air masses

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10
Q

Temperature measurement?

A
  • max min thermometer
  • degrees Celsius
    -lines are isotherms
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11
Q

Relative humidity measurement?

A
  • Hygrometer
  • percentage %
  • saturated air is 100% - rain occurs
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12
Q

Wind speed measurement?

A

-Anemometer
- km/h
- lines called isotachs

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13
Q

Wind direction measurement?

A
  • Wind vane
  • compass direction
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14
Q

In a wind vane, what does the arrow point at?

A

Arrow points at direction wind is coming from

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15
Q

Precipitation measurement?

A
  • rain gauge
  • mm/m^2
  • lines called isohyets
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16
Q

Sunshine measurement?

A
  • Campbell-stokes sunshine recorder
  • hours per day
  • Isohels
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17
Q

Atmospheric pressure measurement?

A
  • barometer
  • hectopascal hPa
  • isobars
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18
Q

Atmospheric pressure 1k meaning?

A

<1k bad Weather
>1k good Weather

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19
Q

What’s atmosphere made of

A

Nitrogen oxygen water vapour ozone carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Way 1 latitude influences sunshine uneven heating

A

The further you are from sun, less sunlight you get

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21
Q

Way 2 latitude influences sunshine uneven heating

A

Same amount of rays have to heat larger area

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22
Q

How does air move in terms of pressure?

A

High to low pressure forming wind

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23
Q

Poles to equator winds warm or cold

24
Q

Equator to poles winds warm or cold

25
How does polar cell work
Air by poles very cold, pushed down on earths surface creating hp, slowly moves out from poles towards equator, heats up relatively as reaches 60n and s, starts to rise up again and expands drifting n and s, cools down again near poles and descens again
26
Solar rays in the poles: vertical or oblique?
Oblique
27
How is wind formed?
Sun heats the Earth's surface and surrounding air increases in temp.
28
What happens with this warm air?
It rises and expands creating an area of low pressure near the ground
29
In low solar radiation areas, less heat creates?
Cold air
30
This cold air?
Pushes down towards the ground creating high pressure areas
31
How does ferrel cell work?
Consequence of other 2 cells, air descending at 30 degrees starts to warm uo again as its nearer to earths surface, spreads n and s, at 60 n and s meets polar air , is warmer than this so forced upwards, spreads out n and s completing cell
31
What creates wind?
Circular current called a convection current
32
What defines density of isobars?
Wind speed
33
How does a convection current occur?
The rising warm air creates a vacuum thats quickly filled by cold air
34
The hotter the air?
The quicker it sucks in cold air creating stronger winds
35
Describe the "air cycle" starting from the sun heating the air mass
Sun heats air mass and air rises -> air cools and condenses -> cold air is heavier so it falls -> air moves from high to low pressure areas -> (start again)
36
Weather of anticyclone?
Dry, warm/hot/cold, sunny, cloud free, light winds
37
Whats a front?
A boundary between two air masses
38
Whats air mass?
Large body of air uniform in temp, atmospheric pressure and humidity
39
Anticycl and depression lemgth?
Anti larger than depr, periods of settled calm weather lasting many days or weeks
40
Whats a cold front?
When a cold air mass is moving
41
Air pressure change in high pressure systems?
Doesnt change rapidly, gentle winds, as it sinks it warms up, leading to warm and dry weather
42
Explain how cold fronts form
They form when warm air has to rise quickly over a large cold air mass. Warm air cools and condenses, forming heavy clouds of rain
43
What direction does sinking air rotate in?
Due to coriolis force, air rotates clockwise when sinking in nh, but anti clockwise in sh
44
Characteristics of summer anticyclones?
Few or no clouds, strong sunshine makes it hot, light winds
45
What a warm front?
When a warm air mass is moving
46
Explain how warm fronts form
When warm air moves slowly over cold air. It cools and condenses and creates dark clouds with continuous rainfall
47
Winter anticyclones characteristics?
Cloudleas skies, temperature drop, making days cold and nights colder due to lack of cloud cover
48
49
Explain convectional rainfall
Sun heats the ground and warm air rises -> warm air rises quickly and cools quickly -> condensation of water vapour -> forming of clouds -> large cumulonimbus clouds form (thunderstorms and localized downpours)
50
In which climate does convectional rain occur in?
Tropical climate areas with high temp and humidity
51
Define depression
Fast moving area of cold air moves in to a area of warm air and forces its way under the warm air which is pushed upwards. As warm air rises, air pressure falls
52
Explain relief rain
Wet warm air is forced over high land / mountains -> rising air cools and condenses -> clouds and precipitation occur -> dry air descends on other side of mountain -> air warms up as it descends so it can carry more moisture
53
This side of the mountain (drier side) where air descends onto is called?
Rain shadow
54
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55

Geo test (4 decks)

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