geographical methods (4. how do we present findings using maps)

Question 1

what are some map symbols that are commonly used

Answer 1

dots, lines and polygons
(it is common to find all three symbols on a single map)

Question 2

dots

Answer 2

dots or points are typically used to represent discrete features like a tree or a location of a shop

Question 3

lines

Answer 3

lines are used to represent roads, paths or other continuous features

Question 4

polygons

Answer 4

polygons are used to represent boundaries such as parks, schools or countries

Question 5

some things found on a map

Answer 5

title
orientation
legend
mapscale

Question 6

title

Answer 6

provides some detail about the maps content which could include the year and the data source

Question 7

orientation

Answer 7

usually aligned with the compass arrow pointing in the direction of north

Question 8

legend

Answer 8

usually consists of texts and graphics, may contain additional details such as the source of the data or the date the data was collected

Question 9

map scale

Answer 9

provided to help readers understand its relative size and distance, as maps are reduced to the visual representations of the real world

Question 10

one way quantitative data can be presented

Answer 10

using graphs

Question 11

graphs

Answer 11

useful in interpreting data for analysis as well as presenting the data findings

Question 12

what affects the choice of graphical presentation

Answer 12

the type of quantitative data

**(refer to worksheet for mind map)

Question 13

bar graphs and pie charts can be used to

Answer 13

show the frequency distribution in numerical data from fieldwork

Question 14

what is frequency distribution

Answer 14

the number of observations within a given interval

Question 15

x and y axis of a bar graph

Answer 15

x axis shows the various categories
y axis shows the frequency

Question 16

pie charts can be used to show

Answer 16

proportional representation

Question 17

line graphs

Answer 17

presents fieldwork findings with numerical values to show trends and relationships

Question 18

line graphs are useful

Answer 18

to present data with continuous variables

Question 19

direct relationship in a graph

Answer 19

as one variable increases in value, the other variable also increases in value

Question 20

inverse relationship in a graph

Answer 20

as one variable increases in value, the other variable decreases in value

Question 21

what type of data do bar graphs and pie charts show

Answer 21

quantitative data with discrete categories

Question 22

what do bar graphs and pie charts show

Answer 22

frequency distribution / total values by categories (counting)

Question 23

what type of data does line graphs represent

Answer 23

quantitative data with continuous variables

Question 24

what do line graphs show

Answer 24

trends and relationships
- trends over time
- relationships between 2 variables
(measuring)

Question 25

how can qualitative data be presented

Answer 25

using photographs and texts

Question 26

why are photographs and texts useful in supporting fieldwork finds

Answer 26

they help capture many physical and human features, and landscapes studied in geography

Question 27

what are processed satellite images useful in presenting

Answer 27

information about spaces

Question 28

photographs can be taken from different

Answer 28

orientations

Question 29

what do different orientations show

Answer 29

they offer different perspectives

Question 30

two common orientations for photographs

Answer 30

ground level and aerial images

Question 31

ground level photographs

Answer 31

often used to present detailed part of an area

Question 32

aerial photographs

Answer 32

present spatial distribution and patterns of the whole area

Question 33

what information can be obtained from ground level photographs

Answer 33

- help in field sketching so as to pick out certain characteristics - to study certain features in the landscape (more detailed)

Question 34

what information can be obtained from aerial photographs

Answer 34

- to study changes in landscape overtime - to plan land use projects - to study localised environmental conditions of an area (overview)

Question 35

what are land use surveys for

Answer 35

used to collect data on the type of distribution of land use in an area

Question 36

when are land use surveys made

Answer 36

during the preparation stage (a base map is prepared) to record how the plot of land is used during fieldwork

Question 37

another use of land use surveys

Answer 37

to see how land use has changed in an area over the years

Question 38

what type of data is text based data

Answer 38

qualitative data

Question 39

how is text based data obtained

Answer 39

from transcripts of interviews, letters or any word based form of data

Question 40

how do researchers analyse large amounts of texts

Answer 40

colour coding quotes/ key terms and forming word clouds