geographical methods (3.how to process and analyse data)

Question 1

the data we collect from field work allows us to

Answer 1

make interpretations to make meaning of data collected

Question 2

we process and analysis data to

Answer 2

• seek patterns, relationships, and connections
• look for trends, relationships and sequences

Question 3

ways to measure frequency

Answer 3

count and percentage

Question 4

count

Answer 4

the total number of time something occurs

Question 5

percentage

Answer 5

• a proportion of something, expressed as a fraction out of a 100

Question 6

formula used to calculate percentage

Answer 6

(data/ total data) X 100%

Question 7

measures of central tendency

Answer 7

mean, median, mode

Question 8

what is mean

Answer 8

the average

Question 9

how to calculate mean

Answer 9

sum all the values in the data set, divided by the number of values in the data set

Question 10

advantages of calculating mean

Answer 10

it includes every value in the data set and no data is left out to show the central data (representative)

Question 11

disadvantage of calculating mean

Answer 11

it is subjected to the influence of outliers, which can skew it and thus not provide the central location

Question 12

median

Answer 12

the middle

Question 13

how to calculate median

Answer 13

middle value for a set of data that has been arranged in ascending order (begins with the smallest value and ending with the largest value)

Question 14

advantages of calculating median

Answer 14

it is less affected by outliers

Question 15

disadvantage of calculating median

Answer 15

it is not as sensitive as mean in showing the central location in a data set (as it does not take all data points into account)

Question 16

how to find mode

Answer 16

the mode is determined my ordering all the numbers then counting the number of times each number occurs. the number that occurs the most is the mode

Question 16

mode

Answer 16

the most common

Question 17

advantage of mode

Answer 17

useful for categorical data (eg finding the most popular __ ) and is not affected by outliers

Question 18

disadvantage if mode

Answer 18

not useful for continuous data (eg. temperature over the course of the day) because there may be 2 or more values that share the highest frequency

Question 19

what are 6 to take note of when analysing mental maps

Answer 19

1. centring and borders
2. scale of map elements
3. labelling
4. colours, legend and symbols
5. perspective and orientation
6. additional features

Question 20

centering and borders

Answer 20

features drawn at the centre captures attention, signalling these features are of greater importance to the mapper (as compared to features drawn at the boarders)

Question 21

labelling

Answer 21

labeled places indicate familiarity with the environment under study and may be accompanied by annotations
choice of words used ( ✅❌) in labelling provides information on mappers knowledge and emotion of the places experiences

Question 22

scale of map elements

Answer 22

comparing the scale of different map features within the map and with reality provides insights about a mapper’s familiarity and activity within the space

blank spaces could mean that the mapper is unfamiliar with the area or has not engaged in any activities there before

Question 23

colours, legend and symbols

Answer 23

memories of experiences can be represented spatially on maps using colours, the legend and symbols

Question 24

colours in a map

Answer 24

can differentiate places and convey emotions, like red representing anger

Question 25

legend of mental maps

Answer 25

elaborates the symbols the mapper used

Question 26

symbols on mental maps

Answer 26

symbols like hearts and stars convey personal experience or information of places, such as a favourite or an important location to the mapper

Question 26

perspective and orientation

Answer 26

aerial view vs street view how places are positions or orientated in relation to the surroundings also reveal the mapper’s subjective experience.

Question 26

aerial view

Answer 26

captures a large area with lesser details

Question 27

street view

Answer 27

capture a small area with greater details and could suggest the mappers familiarity with the area

Question 27

additional features

Answer 27

additional features like paths, nodes or intersections may be added onto mental maps to show the mappers personal experiences of the places such as the daily routes they take

Question 28

comparing actual maps with participants mental maps reveal

Answer 28

the differences such as disorientations, mislabeling, and mislocations, helping to understand the factors influencing perceived spaces

Question 29

how can further verification be made with the mapper

Answer 29

through open ended questions asked during semi structured interviews where the mapper can also be asked why some spaces are prominent while others are absent or ignored

Question 30

analysing processed data requires researchers to explain and interpret

Answer 30

observable patterns and relationships

Question 31

observable patterns

Answer 31

characteristics that are similar and repeat themselves in a natural or human environment

Question 32

relationships

Answer 32

interaction or connection between two things

Question 33

ways to identify observable patterns or relationships

Answer 33

1. interpretation of scatter plots 2. best fit lines 3. recognisable patterns

Question 34

patterns and relationships from the interpretation of scatter plots

Answer 34

shows information of various points with 2 variables which are plotted on the x and y axis of a graph

Question 35

best fit lines

Answer 35

a straight line drawn on a scatter plot to show the relationship between 2 variables

Question 36

types of variables

Answer 36

independent and dependent variable

Question 37

independent variable

Answer 37

the variable that causes change

Question 38

dependent variable

Answer 38

the variable affected by change

Question 39

recognisable geometric shape

Answer 39

regular shapes characterised by straight lines, points and angles

Question 40

clusters

Answer 40

information arranged close together in a group