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Half Yearly 2023 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tributary

A

A tributary is a stream or creek running off a body of water

E.g a creek running off a river

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2
Q

What is the definition of the environment

A

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

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3
Q

What does bolts stand for

A

B: border
O: orientation
L: legend
T: title
S: scale

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4
Q

What are the types of environments

A

Biophysical- completely natural e.g rainforest
Controlled- man made e.g city
Managed- a mix of man made and biophysical e.g farm

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5
Q

What are the physical elements of the environment

A

Hydrosphere- the water
Lithosphere- the Earths solid outer shell
Atmosphere- the combination of gases
Biosphere- where plants and animals live

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6
Q

What are the elements of the human environment

A

Social- the way in which people organise themselves and others to live in a community
Cultural- the beliefs, traditions and practices characteristic to a group of people
Economic- the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
Political- the manner in which a country and society is generally governed

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7
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A
  1. Evaporation and transpiration
  2. Condensation
  3. Precipitation

(1). Infiltration
(2). Groundwater movement
(3). Groundwater runoff

  1. Runoff
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8
Q

What is the definition of Groundwater

A

Groundwater is water beneath the Earths surface that fills pores between materials such as sand, soil or gravel

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9
Q

What is a catchment

A

A river catchment or drainage basin is an area of land from which water drains into a river

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10
Q

What are the types of rainfall

A

Orographic rainfall- it occurs when a mountain forces a moist body of air to rise
Conventional rainfall- it occurs when the sun heats the earths surface which is when the water evaporates and condenses
Frontal rainfall- frontal rainfall occurs when a cold and warm air mass meet

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11
Q

What is a water shed

A

A water shed is the line separating water catchments.

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12
Q

What are the different types of views

A
  1. Satellite (from above)
  2. Vertical aerial (like from looking from a plane)
  3. Ground level (eye level)
  4. Oblique aerial (like looking from a mountain
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13
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

Ground water is stored below the Earths surface in soil pore spaces, this layer is called an aquifer

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14
Q

How is groundwater stored around the Earths surface

A

Groundwater is stored in soil, sand and gravel

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15
Q

How many people rely on groundwater

A

2.2 billion people

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16
Q

What percentage of people in Europe rely on groundwater

A

75%

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17
Q

What is the definition of sustainability

A

Sustainability refers to the capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and other living creatures into the future

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18
Q

What percent of water is salty

A

97.5% is salty 2.5% is fresh

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19
Q

How many people suffer from water scarcity

A

1.2 billion

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20
Q

What are some ways to sustainably manage water?

A

Desalination plants
Drip irrigation in agriculture
Recycling water

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21
Q

What is latitude and longitude

A

Lat is flat
Longitude is long

22
Q

How many time zones are there

A

24

23
Q

Where is the international date line

A

180 degrees longitude

24
Q

Where is the Greenwich prime meridian

A

0 degrees longitude

25
Q

Where is the Tropic of Capricorn

A

23 and a half degrees south latitude

26
Q

Where is the Tropic of Cancer

A

23 and a half degrees north latitude

27
Q

Where is the Arctic and Antarctic circles

A

Arctic circle- 66 and a half degrees north latitude

Antarctic circle- 66 and a half degrees south latitude

28
Q

What comes first, latitude or longitude

A

Latitude- remember A before O

29
Q

Is a meridian latitude or longitude

A

Longitude

30
Q

Is a parallel a line of longitude or latitude

A

Latitude

31
Q

What is a day 0

A

A day 0 is when a country is under so much water stress that dams are below 13.5%

32
Q

What are the restrictions put in place after day 0

A
  • taps are turned off
  • 2 min shower
  • 50 litres of water per person per day
    -rain tanks connected to water pipes
33
Q

Day to day atmospheric conditions is..

A

Weather

34
Q

Long term atmospheric conditions are…

A

Climate

35
Q

Mountain ranges near the south are more likely to receive…

A

Orographic rainfall

36
Q

The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is…

A

Humidity

37
Q

The rapid supply of …. leads to high amounts of water

A

Precipitation

38
Q

What are the values of water

A

Economic
Spiritual
Cultural
Aesthetic
Environmental
Recreational

39
Q

What is the environmental value of water

A

Water is necessary for all animals and plants to survive, it can also help ecosystems to survive

40
Q

What is the aesthetic value of water

A

Water views are valuable and prices of eateries properties are high

41
Q

What is the spiritual value of water

A

Water is used in the beliefs and values of many religions

42
Q

What is the recreational value of water

A

Water based activities are popular leisure activities

43
Q

What is the cultural value of water

A

Cultures place a great deal on the value of water, it sometimes is seen as a part of responsibility to care for the land.

44
Q

What is the economic value of water

A

Water is an economic good. We use it in many trades such as manufacturing

45
Q

What is water scarcity

A

Water scarcity occurs when the demand for water exceeds the amount available

46
Q

What is water stress

A

Water stress is the negative effect on people and the environment that is a result of water scarcity

47
Q

What is the effects of water quality because of water scarcity

A

Water scarcity can result in people relying on unsafe water sources

48
Q

What is virtual water

A

Virtual water is water that is used in the production of goods and services

E.g a Big Mac takes 2400 litres of water.

49
Q

How is precipitation marked on a climate graph

A

In the columns
The temperature is marked by dots

50
Q

What is insolation

A

Insolation is solar radiation received on the Earths atmosphere or at its surface

Half Yearly 2023 (4 decks)

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