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End of Year Exams (study) > GEOGRAPHY > Flashcards

GEOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

How is an ox-bow lake formed?

A

In a meander, the water erodes the meander neck and soon cuts through. It starts flowing from the shorter route it has formed. The path it used to travel from before is now called an ox-bow lake. The ox-bow lake soon dries up, leaving a meander scar. The land in the middle is called the meander core.

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2
Q

How is the earth imaginarily divided?

A

Arctic circle at 66 ½° N, Tropic of Cancer at 23 ½°N, Equator at 0°, Tropic of Capricorn at 23 ½° S and Antartic circle at 66 ½° S.

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3
Q

Conflence

A

The main channel to which the tributaries join.

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4
Q

How is the earth imaginarily divided?

A

Arctic circle at 66 ½° N, Tropic of Cancer at 23 ½°N, Equator at 0°, Tropic of Capricorn at 23 ½° S and Antartic circle at 66 ½° S.

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5
Q

A drainage basin

A

The term used to describe the area that is drained by a river and its tributaries.

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6
Q

What is the equator?

A

The equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth in half.

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7
Q

What are the four capital cities of the countries in the UK?

A

London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

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8
Q

What are the 4 countries in the UK?

A

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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9
Q

What is the highest mountain in the UK?

A

Ben nevis

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10
Q

What are the two big rivers in the UK?

A

Thames and Severn

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11
Q

Birth rates

A

The number of Births per 1000 of a population.

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12
Q

Death rates

A

The number of Deaths per 1000 of a population.

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13
Q

Life expectancy

A

The amount of years a person is expected to live in a country.

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14
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of infants dying before their first birthday per 1000 live births per year

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15
Q

Fertility rates

A

The average number of children a woman is expected to have in her childbearing years.

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16
Q

Population distribution

A

Pattern of where people live.

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17
Q

Population density

A

The number of people per unit of an area (square kilometres).It is worked out by the number of people divided by the total area.

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18
Q

Overpopulated

A

When a country has too many people for the resources it has available to maintain a reasonable standard of living.

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19
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another.

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20
Q

Standard of living

A

Refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material, goods and necessities available to a certain group of people in a certain geographic area.

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21
Q

Sparsely populated

A

Places that have only a few people living there.

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22
Q

Total population

A

The amount of people living in a country.

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23
Q

Natural increase

A

When the birth rate is greater than the death rate.

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24
Q

Natural decrease

A

When the death rate is greater than the birth rate.

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25
Q

Underpopulated

A

When a country does not have enough people to make sure of its resources available.

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26
Q

Densely populated

A

Places that are crowded.

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27
Q

What does the demographic transition model show?

A

Population change over time.

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28
Q

Youthful population

A

If a country has a high % of population below 15, then it has a youthful population

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29
Q

Youth

A

Are defined as those aged 15 or below in the population.

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30
Q

What is an ageing population

A

Are defined as those aged 65 or above in the population.

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31
Q

Why are many aged people in countries like Japan wanting to go to jail?

A

This is because they are not getting enough pensions due to the large amount of aged people and they do not have many people to look after them because 1 in 3 people choose NOT to get married or have children.

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32
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

Urbanisation is when a lot of people move from the countryside to the cityside at the same time either forcefully because of natural disasters or by choice in search for better opportunities.

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33
Q

Anatomy

A

the parts of a river basin

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34
Q

Tributary

A

Small streams that join the main channel.

35
Q

Abrasion

A

the material being carried by the river hits the sides and beds of the channel, each impact breaking pieces of the bed and banks.

36
Q

Attrition

A

Rocks and stones in the river bang against each other, chipping bits off so the rocks become more rounded and smaller.

37
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Hydraulic action

38
Q

Corrosion

A

Rocks such as chalk and limestone are dissolved in the river water and carried away as dissolved material.

39
Q

Deposition

A

When a river slows down and no longer has the energy to carry the material it is transporting, It drops some of it.

40
Q

Transportation

A

Movement of a material down a river.

41
Q

Erosion

A

the wearing away of the banks and bed of the river by the power of the flowing water in the channel.

42
Q

How does a waterfall form?

A

A waterfall is formed when hard rock lies on top of softer rock. The force of the water pushes the soft rock in which makes the hard rock unstable and unsupported. So, the hard rock collapses and the process continues. Soon, a valley is formed.

43
Q

The upper course of the river

A

The upper course of the river has less water because it has just started. It often has more energy because of steep grounds and causes vertical erosion.

44
Q

The middle course of the river

A

It has more water and runs off less steep land, so it moves slowly.

45
Q

The lower course of the river

A

The lower course of the river has a lot of water and is deep. It moves slowly and often causes lateral erosion. Soon, the river joins the sea.

46
Q

What is a meander?

A

When the water in a river flows in a curved path.

47
Q

What is a meander neck?

A

The land between the upper and lower arm of the meander bend.

48
Q

What do the contour lines on a map show?

A

How high or low the land is. The closer the contour lines, the steeper the land is.

49
Q

What is a flood?

A

Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is usually dry.

50
Q

What are the physical factors that can affect flooding?

A

What are the physical factors that can affect flooding?
Rock and soil type.
Amount of precipitation
Temperature
Steep sides

51
Q

What are the human factors that can affect flooding?

A

Urbanisation
Deforestation

52
Q

Evaporation

A

Water is heated by the Sun and turns into water vapour.

53
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapour cools down and turns back to liquid water.

54
Q

Precipitation

A

Any form of water falling from the sky.

55
Q

Interception

A

When water is caught by plants before it reaches the ground while precipitation.

56
Q

Transpiration

A

Water in plants being evaporated.

57
Q

Surface storage

A

When water is stored on the grounds for ex. puddles, lakes, ponds etc.

58
Q

Surface run-off

A

Water flowing over the surface of the ground.

59
Q

Throughflow

A

Water flowing through the soil.

60
Q

Infiltration

A

Water soaking from the surface into the soil.

61
Q

Soil moisture

A

Water stored in the soil.

62
Q

Percolation

A

Water soaking from the soil into the rocks below.

63
Q

Groundwater

A

Water moving slowly through the rocks.

64
Q

Groundwater storage

A

Water stored in the rocks.

65
Q

Permeable

A

A material water can move through.

66
Q

Impermeable

A

A material water cannot move through.

67
Q

Secondary sector

A

People make or build things, often using raw materials from the primary sector for ex. factory workers, house builders, people constructing roads and railways etc.

68
Q

Primary sector

A

Where people take things from land and sea for ex. farmers, fishermen, miners, oil workers, forestry workers etc. They often produce raw materials that other people process.

69
Q

Tertiary sector

A

People provide services for other people for ex. Doctors, Nurses, Teachers, Actors etc.

70
Q

Quaternary sector

A

People use their high-level expertise to help other sectors. For ex. they develop new types of medical treatment (scientists), or new technologies or help companies make financial decisions.

71
Q

Arable farms

A

Where crops are grown e.g. Wheat and Barley

72
Q

Mixed farms

A

Where crops are grown and cattle are kept.

73
Q

Pastoral farms

A

Where animals are raised.

74
Q

Market gardens

A

Where fruits, vegetables and flowers are grown.

75
Q

Why is tourism important?

A

The circulation of money rises the economy. It also offers a lot of jobs.

76
Q

Globalisation

A

The increase links between countries around the world.

77
Q

TNC

A

A company that operates in many countries around the world.

78
Q

What are the different continents?

A

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antartica, Europe and Oceania.

79
Q

What are the different oceans?

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern ocean.

80
Q

What is a v shaped valley?

A

The river transports the rocks downstream and the channel becomes wider and deeper creating a V-shaped valley between interlocking spurs.

81
Q

Suspension

A

The small transport in the river are light enough to float in the water.

82
Q

Solution

A

Material such as chalk and limestone dissolves in the water.

83
Q

Saltation

A

Heavier rocks bounce on the bed of the river.

84
Q

Traction

A

When the river is flowing over steep land and has a lot of energy, it makes the very heavy rocks roll on the bed of the river.

End of Year Exams (study) (10 decks)

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