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Geography Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 classifications of movements of the earth?

A

Endogenic, Exogenic

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2
Q

The earth’s crust consists of several large and some small, rigid, irregularlyshaped plates (slabs)
which carry continents and the ocean floor. What are these?

A

Lithospheric Plates

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3
Q

Define a volcano

A

Vent in earth’s uneven surface through which molten material erupts suddenly

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4
Q

Where is the earthquake’s magnitude the highest?

A

Epicentre

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5
Q

True or False? The earthquake’s origin point is known as Epicentre and is located above the surface on the crust

A

False

Check Diagram

The earthquake’s origin point is known as Focus and is located below the surface in the mantle

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6
Q

Raju took the following terms. P waves, S waves, L waves. How can you classify them?

A

Earthquake Waves

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7
Q

True or False? L waves are surface waves and P waves are Transverse waves

A

False

Did you know box

P waves are Longitudinal

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8
Q

Which waves first hit the seismograph?

A

The P waves

P waves also called as Primary Waves

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9
Q

case study based:

The Brahmaputra river originates in the Himalayas and enters india via arunachal pradesh. When it is entering india, it forms a structure called the great bend. This is like the shape of a C and is curved. What feature of a river is this?

A

Meanders

The Brahmaputra river meanders near Arunachal pradesh to form the structure called the great bend

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10
Q

The landscape is constantly being changed by 2 main processes. What are they?

A

Weathering Erosion

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11
Q

Seismograph is measured on the ________ scale?

A

Richter Scale

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12
Q

case study based:

Information about an earthquake hitting Bengaluru is passed ETA 5 minutes. Where are the ideal spots you should hide in and stay away from (1+1 = 2 marks)

A
  • Hide: Under Kitchen counter, table, desk against a wall.
  • Stay Away From: Fire places, Chimneys, Mirrors and Picture frames
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13
Q

What was the scale of the Bhuj earthquake on the republic day, 2001?

A

6.9

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14
Q

name any 3 destructions caused by earthquakes

A
  1. Fires
  2. Phone Lines, Transmitters, water pipes destroyed
  3. schools affected
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15
Q

What is the cut off lake formed by the river called? also tell of which proccess’s result is this

A

Ox-Bow Lake (Horseshoe lake), Meandering

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16
Q

Raised banks near the rivers are called

A

leeves

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17
Q

Logically, which is more fertile. floodplains or levees

A

Floodplains

Levees can be man made - concrete or artificial - mud. The flood plain is made up often of fertile land which encourages villages but then these can be at risk. When the river is full, it floods into the flood plain and leaves behind fertile soil.

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18
Q

True or False? Each tributary forms its own mouth at delta

A

False

Each distributary forms its own mouth at delta

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19
Q

Define a tributary

A

A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake.

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20
Q

Explain in 2 sentences how the earths surface changes

A

This process of erosion and deposition create different landforms on the surface of the earth.
1) Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.
2) The eroded material is carried away or transported by water, wind, etc. and eventually deposited.

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21
Q

Name any one place where large deposits of loess are usually found

A

china

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22
Q

What are the features of mushroom rocks?

A

Narrow base, wide top due to erosion of lower section

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23
Q

Define sand dune

A

sand falls and gets deposited in low hill – like structures.
These are called sand dunes

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24
Q

True or False? Water is a weathering agent

A

True

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25
How do glaciers erode soil
they erode the landscape by bulldozing soil and stones to expose the solid rock below
26
What is the composition of a glacial moraine
Sand, Silt, Small and big rocks
27
What is formed due to depositional activity of the sea waves
Beaches
28
Define Gorges
a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it.
29
Sea arches are formed after sea caves. Which landform does the sea waves create by eroding sea arches?
Stacks ## Footnote Further, erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall like features are called stacks.
30
The River splits into several ____ before entering the delta
Distributaries
31
# cross chapter connect Name any 3 tributaries of the river Ganga
Son, Tamsa, Yamuna | Yamuna is the largest tributary ## Footnote Alakananda, Ramganga, Kali, Chambal, Gomti, Ghagra, Kosi, Sone etc.,
32
True or False? When a beach is formed, we can call it a result of exogenic actions
True
33
Name any 3 depositional landforms of rivers
Levees, Floodplains, Deltas,
34
Define Isthmus
a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land. | Isthmus of Panama connects South america & North America
35
True or False? Waterfall is due to the depositional activity of water
False | Due to erosional activity of water ## Footnote When the river tumbles at steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side it forms a waterfall
36
Endogenic forces are divided into 2 categories. Give examples for each
Sudden- Earthquakes, Volcano Diastrophic- Building mountain
37
How does a wind derive its name?
It derives its name from the direction it blows
38
Define temperature
Degree of the rate of heat or cold is called as the temperature
39
What would happen if spacesuits were not worn while traveling to outerspace?
On the moon there is no air and hence no air pressure. Astronauts have to wear special protective space suits filled with air when they go to the moon. If they did not wear these space suits, the counter pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts would make the blood vessels burst. The astronauts would bleed.
40
give any 4 examples of local winds
* Loo in India * Foehn in the Alps * Chinook in the US * Sirocco in Sahara
41
What shows the wind's direction
Wind wane
42
define insolation
Insolation is the incoming solar energy intercepted by the earth.
43
Define troposphere
This layer is the most important layer of the atmosphere. Its average height is 13 km. The air we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena like rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur in this layer.
44
Define terrarium
It is an artificial enclosure for keeping small house plants.
45
Raju was standing on the beach of bay of bengal. He noticed that when he touched the water it was pretty warm. Which current was this?
Equitorial counter warm current
46
During which days does neap tide occur
when moon is in its quarters
47
Define Population density
It means the number of persons that live in one sq. km. of area
48
What do frogs use for laying their eggs?
Bromeliads ## Footnote Water Pockets
49
What are the different types of animals are found in the Amazon basin?
* Birds like Macaw, toucan, and oversized bills * Animals like monkey, sloth, ant-eaters, tapirs * Species of reptiles and snakes such as the boa constrictor and ananconda * Home to several insects and special fish like pirana
50
Name the countries in which the amazon basin is present
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecaudor, Colombia, Venezuela
51
Where do tribes in the amazon basin live?
The rainforests provide a lot of wood for the houses. Some families live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. There are other large apartment-like houses called **“Maloca”** with a steeply slanting roof.
52
What are the main crops of the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin?
Wheat, maize, sorghum, gram, millets, sugarcane, jute, banana plantations, Silk (Assam & Bihar), decidous trees, peepal, teak, sal
53
What is the name of the Ganga river conservation project?
Namami
54
What were tribes of women warriors in anceint roman empire?
amazons
55
What are the 3 types of rainfall?
Orographic, Convectional, Cyclonic ## Footnote Orographic rainfall also called as relief rainfall. Cyclonic rainfall alsco called Frontal rainfall
55
Define air circulation
The mixing of cold and warm air is known as air circulation. Warm air rises up and cold air gushes into to take its place. ## Footnote Due to convection
56
Write any 3 effects of global warming
* Snow in cold parts melts * Sea level rises causing floods * Extinction of animals
56
Why are cities usually warmer than villages?
temperature in cities is much higher than that of villages. The concrete and metals and asphalt of roads get heated up during day and is released during night. Crowded high rise buildings trap warm air and makes cities warmer. ## Footnote Urbanization is a factor of global warming
57
The distribution of air pressure horizontally is influenced by?
temperature of air at a given place
58
Differntiate easterlies and westerlies
easterlies are wind patterns that move from the East to the West, whereas Westerlies move from the West to the East
59
define environment
surroundings of a living being
60
True or False? Barter system emerged due to the industrial revolution
False ## Footnote Barter system arose due to production of excess crop and need for external materials or crop that were not available
61
What forms the ecosystem
relation between living organisms, as well as relation between organisms and surroundings forms ecosystem
62
Where is the deepest mine
South africa ## Footnote 4 km
63
What are the 2 parts of lithosphere
Asthenosphere and the crust
64
What are the types of rocks
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
65
igneous rocks are called as
primary rocks
66
what is the word origin for the 3 types of rocks
Igneous- Ignis (fire) Sedimentary- sedimentum (settle down) metamorphic - metamorphose (change form) ## Footnote all in greek
67
# this is the 69th card lol Define fossils
remains of dead plants and animals trapped between layers of rock
68
radius of earth?
6371 km
69
which layer makes up most of earth
Mantle (84%)
70
What is the core made up of
NiFe | Nickel + Iron (ferrous)
71
Continental crust is made up of
Sial | silica and aluminia
72
oceanic crust is made up of
Sima | Silica and magnesia
73
give daily life usage of some intrusive igneous rocks
Granite used in platforms and grinding stones
74
extrusive igneous rocks make up the
deccan plateau | Basalt
75
clay and limestone turn into
Clay to slate and limestone to marble
76
under what conditions do rocks usually change
heat and pressure
77
define minerals
Naturally occuring substances having physical properties (certain) and a definite chemical composition
78
name the important port along river hooghly
Kolkata
79
when was swacch bharat abhiyan introduced
2nd oct, 2014
80
what is another name for ladakh
khapa chan | snow land
81
define gompas
traditional monasteries found in northern part of brahmaputra-ganga basin (ladakh)
82
give examples of any 3 monasteries
hemis, thiksey, shey, lamayuru
83
leh is connected to kashmir by
National highway 1A and the Zoji la pass
84
when is manali leh highway open? why?
July to september as the snow is cleared off
85
Chiru antelope gives us something special. what?
shahtoosh | light weight and warm wool
86
what surrounds the ladakh desert
Zanskar mountains (south), karakoram range (north) and china to the east
87
coldest inhabited place on earth
drass
88
explain the fauna of ladakh
several species of birds. Robins, redstarts, tibetan snowcocks, raven, hoopoe are common (migratory). animals include yak, wild goat, dogs
89
how is cultrual landscape of sahara changing
1. the discovery of oil has caught the eye of several business 2. The rich flora and fauna make it worthwile for tourists 3. bedouins and tuaregs are now guides 4. trucks replace camels and buildings replace camel paths
90
how are depressions and oasis formed
when wind blows away sands. in depressions, underground water reaches surface and oasis is formed.
91
define ocean currents
Streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions.
92
# case study based John is a person living on the coast of mexico, north america. He fishes for a livelihood. He used to live in Asia. Ever since he moved here, his business has skyrocketed. Why?
The areas where the warm and cold currents meet provide best fishing grounds of the world. The coast of north america is one such example
93
which layer of the atmosphere is ideal for flying aeroplanes and hosts the ozone layer?
Stratosphere ## Footnote 10-50 km
94
True or false? Amount of insolation decreases from the poles towards the equator. | Highest at poles and lowest at equator
False | Highest insolation at equator ; lowest at poles ## Footnote Amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards poles
95
what is caused by diastophic movements of earth
building mountains
96
define rock
any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earths crust
97
define rock cycle
Changing of one type of rock to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner
98
If Red fort is made of red sandstone then taj mahal is made of
White marble

Social Science (1 decks)

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