geography

Question 1

what is population distribution?

Answer 1

the pattern of where people live and how the population is spread out

Question 2

what is population density?

Answer 2

a measurement of the number of people in an area

Question 3

what is the equation for population density?

Answer 3

people per km^2 = population/area(km^2)

Question 4

what does it mean if somewhere is densely populated?

Answer 4

its an area with lots of people

Question 5

what does it mean if somewhere is sparsely populated?

Answer 5

its an area which contains few people

Question 6

what 5 factors can influence population growth?

Answer 6

birth rates, ways of giving birth, living conditions, healthcare, death rates

Question 7

what is the demographic transition model?

Answer 7

a simplified version of how population has changed over time

Question 8

what does birth rate mean?

Answer 8

the total number of live births per 1000 of a population in a year

Question 9

what does death rate mean?

Answer 9

the total number of deaths per 1000 of a population in a year

Question 10

what is a biome?

Answer 10

a large ecosystem, labelled according to its climate and the species living there

Question 11

what are temperate coniferous forests?

Answer 11

evergreen forests that are found in places with warm summers, cool winters and often fairly heavy rainfall

Question 12

what are temperate deciduous forests?

Answer 12

forests made up of trees with broad leaves, that lose their leaves in winter

Question 13

what are tundras?

Answer 13

cold areas of land that have very little trees and vegetation, mostly found in the arctic/antarctic and on top of mountains

Question 14

what are temperate grasslands?

Answer 14

areas with mostly grass that recieve rain and have cold winters and warm summers

Question 15

what is a tropical rainforest?

Answer 15

a hot, moist biome that recieves rain all year long. they’re found mostly around the equator so are humid and contain lots of wildlife

Question 16

what are deserts?

Answer 16

dry, arid areas of land that recieve very little rain. they don’t have much vegetation as theres barely any water

Question 17

what is the mediterranean?

Answer 17

land made up of scrubland, with dry summers and wet winters

Question 18

what are tropical savannahs?

Answer 18

areas with lots of tall grasses, as well as some trees, they are one of the drier biomes. their climate is usually quite warm, although at some points in the year recieve significant rainfall

Question 19

what is the top layer of a rainforest?

Answer 19

emergent

Question 20

what is the layer of a rainforest below the emergent?

Answer 20

canopy

Question 21

what is the layer of a rainforest below the canopy?

Answer 21

understory/shrub layer

Question 22

what is the layer of a rainforest below the shrub layer?

Answer 22

forest floor

Question 23

what is commercial farming?

Answer 23

farming to sell produce for a profit to retailers or food processing companies

Question 24

what is debt reduction?

Answer 24

countries are relieved of some of their debt in return for protecting their rainforests

Question 25

what is deforestation?

Answer 25

the chopping down and removal of trees to clear an area of a forest

Question 26

what is ecotourism?

Answer 26

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the wellbeing of the local people, and may involve education. it is usually carried out in small groups and has minimal impact on the local ecosystem

Question 27

what is logging?

Answer 27

the business of cutting down trees and transporting the logs to sawmills

Question 28

what is mineral extraction?

Answer 28

the removal of solid mineral resources from the earth. these resources include ores, precious stones, building stones and solid fuels

Question 29

what is selective logging?

Answer 29

the cutting out of trees which are mature or inferior to encourage the growth of the remaining trees in a forest or wood

Question 30

what is soil erosion?

Answer 30

removal of topsoil faster than it can be replaced, due to natural (water and wind action), animal and human activity. topsoil is the lop layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials

Question 31

what is subsistence farming?

Answer 31

a type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit only of the farmer and their family

Question 32

what is a push factor?

Answer 32

something that can force or encourage people to move away from an area

Question 33

what is a pull factor?

Answer 33

something which encourages people to move to an area

Question 34

how does migration affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 34

rural to urban migration because of push and pull factors

Question 35

how does natural increase affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 35

the difference between the number of live births and deaths, generally calculated over a year. (its positive when the number of births are higher than deaths and negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births)