Geography Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is wellbeing?
The state of being comfortable, healthy or happy with the basic requirements of life.
What are the basic requirements for life?
Primary needs and secondary needs and the ability to meet these needs.
There is a variation in human wellbeing across countries (ability to meet needs varies)
These variations need to be described and explained.
What are the primary and secondary needs for life?
Primary needs include: Fresh water, secure food supply, shelter, clothing and safety.
Secondary needs: Good health, decent income, access to education.
What are the most important variables to measure human wellbeing?
Health, Wealth and Education.
What makes countries happy and healthy? How is this measured?
Objective and subjective measures.
What are objective measures?
Educational attainment, employment, health, housing, income, environmental quality.
What are subjective measures?
Life satisfaction, happiness, social connectedness, sense of purpose, mental health.
What are examples of a wellbeing measure?
Human Development Index (HDI) - measures a countries average achievements: health, knowledge, and standard of living.
Happy Planet Index (HPI) - measure of sustainable wellbeing.
What is a demographic transition model (DTM)?
Be able to analyse.
Describes the transition of a countries population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as societies modernize.
There are stages 1 - 5
What are population pyramids?
Be able to analyse.
Stage 1 - expanding (high birth and death rate -low life expectancy-)
Stage 2 - expanding (High birth rate, fall in death rate ^life expectancy ^)
Stage 3 - stationary (declining birth rate, low death rate ^life expectancy^)
Stage 4 - contracting (low birth and death rate ^longer life expectancy^)
(term) What is the natural increase?
Rate of population growth. Calculated by subtracting the mortality rate from the birth rate.
(term) What is doubling time?
The length of time it will take for the population to double in size.
(term) What is the carrying capacity?
The ability of a region to support a population in a sustainable manner.
(term) What is the dependent population?
The population in the under 15 and over 65 age groups that are supported by the work force.
(term) What is the death and mortality rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 years.
(term) What is the demographic dividend?
The boost in economic productivity which occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the workforce relative to the number of dependents.
(term) What is the momentum?
When a country’s population size continues to grow due to the age structure of the population despite the fertility rate being below replacement rate.
(term) What is population density?
number of people within a given area.
(term) What is population structure?
Proportion of a population in different age groups.
(term) What is birth rate?
Number of babies born per 100 people per year.
(term) What is infant mortality rate?
Number of children under 1 year old who die per 100 live births per year.
(term) What is dependency rate?
Statistic comparing the size of the dependent population to the size of the workforce.
(term) What is total fertility rate?
Average number of children a woman is likely to have in her lifetime.
(term) What is the replacement rate?
Number of births (2.1 per woman) needed to maintain a stable population (excluding migration)
