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EOY Y9 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What is development?

A

A process of economic growth and improvement in quality of life

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2
Q

How does globalization and TNCs increase development?

A

By facilitating trade, investment, and technology transfer

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3
Q

What are key words related to development?

A
  • Population structure
  • Demographic data
  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • Dependency ratio
  • Fertility rate
  • Infant mortality
  • Life expectancy
  • Maternal mortality
  • GDP per capita
  • Human Development Index (HDI)
  • Literacy rate
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4
Q

How do governments contribute to globalization?

A

By creating policies that promote trade and investment

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5
Q

What is inequality?

A

The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities

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6
Q

How do people’s lives differ across the world?

A

Based on access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities

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7
Q

What are Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs)?

A

Organizations formed by multiple governments to address common issues

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8
Q

How do IGOs impact security, trade, the environment, economics, and health?

A

By facilitating cooperation and establishing regulations

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9
Q

What is a migrant?

A

A person who moves from one place to another

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10
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A migrant who settles in a new country

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11
Q

What is the difference between voluntary and forced migration?

A
  • Voluntary migration: choice-based
  • Forced migration: due to conflict or disaster
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12
Q

What challenges do refugees and asylum seekers face?

A

Access to shelter, legal protection, and basic services

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13
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large ecological where animals and plants live

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14
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The global sum of all ecosystems

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15
Q

Where are global biomes located?

A

Across different geographic regions and climates

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16
Q

How do biomes differ?

A

Based on climate, vegetation, and animal life

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17
Q

What is the structure of the earth and the properties of each of the layers?

A

The Earth consists of three main layers: crust, mantle, core.

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18
Q

What was Wegner’s theory and what was his evidence?

A

Wegner’s theory is the plate tectonics theory. Evidence includes: jigsaw fit, convection currents, fossil theory, palaeomagnetism.

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19
Q

What are the names and locations of major plates?

A

Major plates include: North American Plate, South American Plate, Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, Nazca Plate.

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20
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries?

A

Types of plate boundaries include: convergent, divergent, transform.

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21
Q

Why are earthquakes and volcanoes often found at plate boundaries?

A

Earthquakes and volcanoes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates at boundaries.

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22
Q

What are convection currents and why are they important?

A

Convection currents are the movement of molten rock in the mantle caused by heat from the core, important for driving plate tectonics.

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23
Q

What happens at convergent boundaries?

A

At convergent boundaries, plates collide, causing earthquakes and forming volcanoes.

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24
Q

What happens at divergent boundaries?

A

At divergent boundaries, plates move apart, leading to the formation of new crust and potential volcanic activity.

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25
What were the impacts and responses from the Haiti Earthquake case study?
Impacts included widespread destruction and loss of life. Responses involved international aid and rebuilding efforts.
26
Why were the impacts of the Haiti Earthquake so bad?
Impacts were severe due to poor infrastructure, high population density, and lack of preparedness.
27
What are the causes and impact of a tsunami in an example location?
Tsunamis can be caused by underwater earthquakes and have devastating impacts on coastal communities.
28
What is a superpower nation?
A superpower nation has significant influence and capabilities in global affairs.
29
What are examples of superpower nations?
Examples include: *United States*, *China*, *Russia*.
30
What are factors that make a country a superpower?
Factors include: *economic strength*, *military strength*, *political influence*, *cultural influence*, *technological advancement*, *diplomatic power*, *natural resources*.
31
Who are the emerging superpowers?
The Bric countries
32
How far did the British Empire expand?
The British Empire expanded to every inhabited continent, becoming the largest empire in history.
33
What caused the decline of the British Empire?
Causes of decline included: *economic strain*, *decolonization movements*, *World Wars*.
34
What countries make up the Middle East?
Countries include: *Saudi Arabia*, *Iran*, *Iraq*, *Israel*, *Syria*, *Jordan*, *Turkey*, *UAE*, *Kuwait*, *Oman*, *Qatar*, *Bahrain*.
35
Where does oil come from?
Oil is found in geological formations, primarily in the Middle East due to ancient marine environments.
36
Why is there oil in the Middle East?
Oil exists in the Middle East due to geological processes from ancient seas rich in organic material.
37
What are the 5 main reasons for conflict in the Middle East?
Reasons include: *Borders*, *The Arab Spring*, *Oil*, *Religion*, *The Iraq War*.
38
What is the case study of the Syrian War?
The Syrian War involves conflict due to political unrest, sectarian divisions, and foreign intervention.
39
What are the layers of the Earth and their properties?
The Earth is composed of three main layers: *crust*, *mantle*, *core*.
40
What is Wegener's theory related to plate tectonics?
Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift, supported by evidence such as *jigsaw fit*, *fossil theory*, and *palaeomagnetism*.
41
What are the names of major tectonic plates?
Major tectonic plates include: *North American Plate*, *South American Plate*, *Eurasian Plate*, *African Plate*, *Indo-Australian Plate*, *Pacific Plate*, *Nazca Plate*.
42
Where are plate boundaries typically located?
Plate boundaries are found at the edges of tectonic plates, often correlating with regions of seismic activity.
43
Why are earthquakes and volcanoes often found at plate boundaries?
Earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries due to the movement of tectonic plates.
44
What are convection currents and why are they important?
Convection currents are the movement of fluid caused by temperature differences, crucial for driving plate tectonics.
45
What happens at convergent boundaries?
At convergent boundaries, plates move towards each other, causing *earthquakes* and forming *volcanoes*.
46
What happens at divergent boundaries?
At divergent boundaries, plates move apart, leading to the formation of new crust and often resulting in *volcanic activity*.
47
What were the impacts of the Haiti Earthquake?
The Haiti Earthquake caused significant *loss of life*, *injuries*, and *destruction of infrastructure*.
48
Why were the impacts of the Haiti earthquake so severe?
The impacts were severe due to factors like *poor building standards*, *high population density*, and *lack of preparedness*.
49
What are the causes and impacts of a tsunami?
Tsunamis are often caused by *underwater earthquakes*, leading to *flooding*, *loss of life*, and *destruction of property*.
50
What is a superpower nation?
A superpower nation is a country with significant influence on global affairs, examples include *USA*, *China*, *Russia*.
51
What are the factors that make a country a superpower?
The factors include: *military strength*, *economic power*, *political influence*, *cultural impact*, *technological advancement*, *natural resources*, *geopolitical position*.
52
Who are the emerging superpowers?
The Bric countries
53
How far did the British Empire expand?
The British Empire expanded to cover territories across *North America*, *Africa*, *Asia*, *Australia*, and *the Caribbean*.
54
What caused the decline of the British Empire?
Decline was caused by factors like *World Wars*, *decolonization*, and *economic challenges*.
55
What countries make up the Middle East?
Countries include Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
56
Where does oil come from in the Middle East?
Oil is primarily found in regions such as *Saudi Arabia*, *Iraq*, *Iran*, and the *Gulf states*.
57
What are the 5 main reasons for conflict in the Middle East?
Reasons include: *Borders*, *The Arab Spring*, *Oil*, *Religion*, *The Iraq War*.
58
What is development?
Development refers to the process of economic growth, improvement in living standards, and social progress.
59
How do globalization and TNCs increase development?
Globalization and TNCs can increase development by promoting *trade*, *investment*, and *technology transfer*.
60
What are key terms related to development?
Key terms include: *population structure*, *demographic data*, *birth rate*, *death rate*, *dependency ratio*, *fertility rate*, *infant mortality*, *life expectancy*, *maternal mortality*, *GDP per capita*, *Human Development Index (HDI)*, *literacy rate*.
61
How do governments contribute to globalization?
Governments contribute by creating *trade agreements*, *regulatory frameworks*, and *diplomatic relations*.
62
What is inequality?
Inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups.
63
What are Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs)?
IGOs are entities created by treaty, involving two or more nations, impacting *security*, *trade*, *environment*, *economics*, and *health*.
64
What is the difference between a migrant and an immigrant?
A migrant is someone who moves from one place to another, while an immigrant specifically moves to a new country.
65
What is the difference between voluntary and forced migration?
Voluntary migration occurs by choice, while forced migration happens due to *conflict*, *persecution*, or *disasters*.
66
What challenges do refugees and asylum seekers face?
Challenges include *legal barriers*, *language differences*, *cultural adjustment*, and *economic hardship*.
67
What is a biome?
A biome is a large ecological area with distinct vegetation and climate.
68
What is the biosphere?
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, where life exists.
69
Where are global biomes located?
Global biomes are located across the Earth, including *tropical rainforests*, *deserts*, *grasslands*, *forests*, and *tundras*.
70
How do biomes differ?
Biomes differ in *climate*, *vegetation*, *animal life*, and *geographical features*.
71
Who are the Bric countries
Brazil-Russia-India-China
72
Who are the mint countries
Mexico-Indonesia-Turkey-Nigeria

EOY Y9 (8 decks)

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