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Civil Rights and Race Relations 1850 - 2009 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

how geography of a/a changed 6 broad phases

A 
1850
1865
slow drift north and west
great migration
ww2
move back south
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2
Q

how many slave states were there and name some of them

A 
14
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
north Carolina
south Carolina
Texas
Tennessee
Florida
Mississippi
Alabama
Kentucky
Georgia
Arkansas
Missouri
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3
Q

when did the free states abolish slavery

A

between 1777-1850

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4
Q

1850 how many slaves were there and how many a/a were there

A

3.2m slaves

400,000 free

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5
Q

in the first consensus 1790 how large was the a/a population

A

19% of population

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6
Q

what did the US constitution value an a/a as

A

3/5 of a person

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7
Q

three main uses of slaves

A

tobacco
rice
cotton

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8
Q

when and what was the Missouri compromise

and what repeated the same values and when

A

1819
balance free and slave states Missouri (slave) against Maine (free) entering the union
repeated with the great compromise 1850

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9
Q

what and when was the Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

1954
possibility of slavery expanding west to be based on popular sovereignty (what majority of white makes there thought should happen)

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10
Q

when was the republican party formed

A

1854

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11
Q

what happened in 1860 to 61

A

1860 Lincoln became president

over 60 and 61, eleven states succeeded from the union

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12
Q

when was the emancipation proclamation and what did it state

what did this result in

A

1863
all slaves in the confederate are now free
3.5 million slaves freed

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13
Q

how many a/a served in the union army

A

300,000

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14
Q

before slavery how would some slaves escape north

A

through the underground railway

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15
Q

when was the slow migration out of the south

A

1865-1917

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16
Q

where did a/a slowly migrate to

A 
Cincinnati
New York
Philadelphia
Detroit
Cleveland
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17
Q

push factors in slow migration

A

yellow fever
boll weevil
lack of opportunities
kkk

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18
Q

pull factors in the slow migration

A 
Lincoln
ww1 industries
decreased amounts of European migrants as war
scabs (used to break strikes)
biblical 'promised land'
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19
Q

when was the great migration

A

1915-1945

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20
Q

stats to show the great migration

A

7 million out of 8 million a/a lived in the cotton belt 1910
over the next 15 years 10% moved north
1910-1930 a/a population in northern states increased by 40%

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21
Q

push factors for the great migration (brief) 5

A 
cotton
discrimination
violence
economic boom
depression
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22
Q

cotton as a push factor for the great migration

A 
1914 boll weevil in east Texas
spread across the south
short term acute poverty
then end of WW1 = slump in cotton prices as demand decreases
1920 - 40 cents a pound
1921 - 10
1932 - 5
hit a/a sharecroppers hard
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23
Q

examples of discrimination in the south

A

poll tax
grandfather clause
literacy tests

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24
Q

why did a/a violence boom in 1915

A

birth of a nation released

kkk re born

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25
why was the economic boom a push factor
led to overproduction in agriculture
26
pull factors for the great migration (brief) 3
economic boom ww1 new deal
27
economic boom as a pull factor in the great migration
mass production Detroit became centre of the car industry 1910-1930 population increased 300%, a/a by 2400%
28
ww1 as a pull factor for the great migration
``` fought in the army less European immigration more jobs in war industries 1916-1918 400,000 a/a moved north northern firms sent recruiters south ```
29
what did ww2 do for USA with stats
brought prosperity army from 300,000 (1939) to 12 million (1945) unemployment 1940 = 14.6% to 1.9% by 1945 17 million new jobs and salaries increased by 30%
30
how many a/a left the south permanently as a result of the war
700,000
31
why was there a move back south
fleeing inner cities / ghetto conditions with high crime rates and limited job opportunities end of ww2 a/a were more urbanised than the normal population (80% compared to 70%) went from rust belt to sun belt
32
Detroit as a case study for move back south
30 years following ww2 jobs were cut by half 1947 - 3,300 manufacturing firms 1977 - 1,900 manufacturing firms
33
9 impacts of the great migration
black political representation in the north double v campaign education role models increased population density so quality decreased tensions when a/a shared in prosperity close proximity = strained relations prosperity + proximity + double v campaign a/a in higher education
34
evidence for black political representation in north
increased population = increased power when voting | black representation 1929-1970 are all in northern industrial cities such as new York, Michigan, Illinois)
35
double v campaign and how ww2 influenced this
irony of fighting abroad when still segregated and normally with the worst jobs Pittsburgh campaign begins 1942 and leads to heightened consciousness among blacks (and white liberals)
36
how did the great migration improve education
standards in north higher literacy rates improved 1920 - 10,000 a/a in higher education, today 4.5 million higher education = higher skilled jobs = helps to get out of poverty also provides role models
37
segregated housing
usually de facto but reinforced by restrictive housing covenants formation of 'black belt' regions eg southside of Chicago watts in LA harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant in new york
38
stats of worse quality of life for a/a in housing
1934 average number of people per household white = 4.7, black 6.8 infant mortality rate 16% higher in black belt
39
Chicago race riot
``` 1919 15 year old drifts into white part of de facto segregated beach stoned and murdered 2 weeks of rioting 10,000 black houses burnt down ```
40
Tulsa riot 1921
``` Tulsa = black wall street had 3 a/a millionaires a/a lift operator accused of raping a white girl in a lift imprisoned mob of whites attempted to lynch again 10,000 houses burnt down 50% of a/a left Tulsa after this ```
41
Colombia 1946
arguments between vets mother and clerk fight vert arrested for attempted murder vert imprisoned and bail is posted by wealthy a/a mob 26 were tried, 2 found guilty 100 arrested Thurgood marshall took the case
42
what impact did a/a in higher education have
influences / forms the civil rights movement, especially at the grassroots level CORE SNCC sit in movement freedom rides
43
when emancipation proclamation signed what percent of aa lived in the northeastern or Midwestern states
8%
44
by 1900 what percentage of aa still lived in southern states
90%
45
how many aa moved out of the south during the great migration
6 million
46
by 1970 how many aa lived outside the south as a percent
47% of aa population
47
push and pull factors that led to the first great migration
``` segregation racism lynchings boll weevil northern labour shortages labour agents sent south ```
48
between 1882-1968 how many aa were lynched
3,500
49
first major urban aa area
detroit
50
in 1910 what was the aa population of detroit
6,000
51
by 1929 what had detroits aa population grown to
120,000
52
why did tensions rise in the first great migration
changes were concentrated in cities competing for jobs and housing often between ethnic irish defending their recently gained positions and territory
53
when was the decade of the great depression and what was the problem of this
1930s | wiped out job opportunities in the industrial belt
54
when and why did the second great migration start
1940 as defence industries geared up for war
55
how many aa southerners moved north or west per decade 1940s 1950s 1960s and early 1970s
1940s = 1.4 million 1950s = 1.1 million 1960s and early 1970s = 2.4 million
56
by then end of the great migration what population of aa lived in cities
80% compared to 70% of the general population
57
why did the great migration come to a halt
1970s deindustrialisation = rust belt | moved south for weather, family, jim crow had ended, lower cost of living
58
Harlem as a case study
1910 central harlem 10% aa 1930 70% aa Harlem renaissance celebrated aa literature, art and music
59
first world war evidence racial conflict increased
+1,000 aa were killed by white mobs in the usa between 1917-1923 silent protest parade Houston mutiny horrific Georgia lyniching of pregnant woman 1919 re summer
60
what and when was the silent protest parade
new York july 1917 in response to a race massacre in east st louis Illinois protest organised by naacp to bring attention to the barbaric acts
61
what and when was the Houston mutiny
1918 triggered by a white police man calling an aa woman a 'Goddam nigger bitch' aa soldiers went on the rampage killing 17 people the army sentenced 13 to death and 41 to life imprisonment
62
stats of the red summer - how many race riots
25 anti-black race riots
63
did aa share in the prosperity og the 1920s
no sharecropping still rife in the south jim crown kept aa in a position of inferiority but those who migrated in the great migration did far better eg aa in steel rose from 18,200 in 1910 to 52,956 in 1930

Civil Rights and Race Relations 1850 - 2009 (9 decks)

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