Geography Google Forms Quiz Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the 5 steps that form a stack
- Cracks are formed in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion.
- As the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave.
3 .The cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch.
4 .The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea. This leaves a stack (an isolated column of rock). An example of a Welsh stack can be found at Stack Rocks, Pembrokeshire. - The stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump.
What are the 5 steps that form a stack?
- Cracks are formed in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion.
- As the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave.
- The cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch.
4, The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea. This leaves a stack (an isolated column of rock). An example of a Welsh stack can be found at Stack Rocks, Pembrokeshire. - (extra) The stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump
What does a constructive waves make the beach look like?
They, build up beaches, creating a wider, flatter, and gently sloping profile on the beach.
What does a destructive wave make the beach look like?
This results the beach being steeper, and having a narrower beach profile with exposed pebbles and rocks. The beach appears more rugged as the sand is carried offshore.
What are the four types of coastal erosion?
Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution
What is hydraulic action?
“The sheer force of the water cracks open cracks in the cliff.”
What is abrasion?
“Pebbles and rocks bash against the coastline
What is attrition?
“Rock and pebbles hit each other
What is solution?
“The coast dissolves due to slightly acidic water and soluble rock.”
What are destructive and constructive waves?
“Destructive waves erode the coast with strong backwash; constructive waves build beaches with strong swash.”
What is longshore drift?
“It’s when waves move sand and pebbles along the coast because they hit the shore at an angle.”
What is Old Harry?
“Old Harry is a chalk stack on the Dorset coast
What is a spit?
“A spit is a long
How is a hook formed at the end of a spit?
“A hook forms when wind or wave direction changes
What forms behind a spit?
“A salt marsh forms behind the spit in the sheltered water
Why don’t the two ends of a spit join together?
“They don’t join because a river’s flow or strong currents stop the sand from fully closing off the area.”
What are coastal defences?
“Coastal defences are ways to protect the coast from erosion and flooding.”
What is a sea wall?
“A sea wall is a curved concrete wall that reflects waves to stop erosion.”
What are groynes?
“Groynes are wooden or stone fences built across the beach to stop sand being moved by longshore drift.”
What is rock armour (riprap)?
“Rock armour is large boulders placed on the shore to absorb wave energy.”
What is beach nourishment?
“Beach nourishment is when more sand is added to a beach to replace what’s been washed away.”
What is dune regeneration?
“Dune regeneration is when sand dunes are built up or planted with grass to protect the land behind them from the sea.”
What is managed retreat?
“Managed retreat is when certain low-value coastal areas are allowed to flood naturally to reduce pressure on other places.”
