GEOGRAPHY - Human geography in the uk Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the north-south divide?
The difference between how much wealthier and healthier the south of the uk is compared to the north including more economic opportunities and a higher life expectancy.
What are some of the solutions to the north-south divide?
Regional development
Investment in transport infrastructure
Enterprise Zones
How has migration affected the uk’s population?
- Population distribution
- Population growth
- Age of the population has become greater on average
- Ethnic diversity
What do the jobs in the primary sector involve?
Taking raw materials from the earth, land or sea. E.g. Farmers, fisherman, miners
What do the jobs in the secondary sector involve?
Manufacturing products to make goods that are useful to us. E.g. Factory workers
What do the jobs in the tertiary sector involve?
Services where people are paid for their time. E.g. Teachers, Doctors
What do the jobs in the quaternary sector involve?
They improve the efficiency of the other sectors through research and consultancy. E.g. Scientists
What is deindustrialization?
The loss of industrial activity from a region or a country.
What are some of the causes of deindustrialization?
- Competition from abroad means its cheaper to import coal than make it here.
- Government stops supporting the factories
What are some of the impacts of deindustrialization?
- Huge job losses
- Disused factories, coal pits
- Migration increases
- Britain lost its industrial status
- Multiculturism
- Environmental concerns
What does the Clarke-Fisher model represent and take a look at it in the book?
It demonstrates how the uk’s job industries and employment structure has changed over time.
What does QUANGO stand for?
Quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation.
What does nationalised mean?
A service or industry that is owned and operated by the government?
What are QUANGO properties?
Funded by the government but free to operate independently.
What does privatised mean?
A service or industry that is operated by private businesses or individuals.
What makes a good site for a city?
- Arable land
- Accessible
- Good rock for building with
- Defendable
- Room to expand
- Water supply available
Have a look at the Hoyt model and the Burgess model in the book and compare them.
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What is meant by urban inequality?
Differences in wealth and well-being in the city, can be both economic and social.
What is the structure of Birmingham like in the CBD?
- Age of buildings
- Density of buildings
- Functions
- Land use
- Environmental quality
- Oldest part of city but area of city with newest buildings
- High density
- Large shops, offices, transport hubs
- Commercial, used to generate lots of money
- High quality
What is the structure of Birmingham like in the inner city?
- Age of buildings
- Density of buildings
- Functions
- Land use
- Environmental quality
- Older, dating back to industrial period
- High density
- To house factory workers, and for local corner shops
- Housing and factories
- Usually low, graffiti and litter is common
What is the structure of Birmingham like in the suburbs?
- Age of buildings
- Density of buildings
- Functions
- Land use
- Environmental quality
- Younger buildings, post-war
- Lower density, houses with gardens
- Mainly residential with shops and small parks here and there
- Housing, transport hubs, shops
- High, residents have more wealth here.
What is the structure of Birmingham like in the rural-urban fringe?
- Age of buildings
- Density of buildings
- Functions
- Land use
- Environmental quality
- Youngest, late 20th century
- Lowest, almost rural
- Mainly residential with parks
- Housing mainly with natural environment too
- High many green spaces.
What is meant by structural unemployment?
When the skills someone has doesn’t match the job provided.
What are some of the social issues created by economic decline?
- Lower educational achievement
- Lower life expectancy
- Increased crime
