PHYSICS P3 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is density?
The amount of mass per unit volume. It’s measured in kg/m cubed
What happens to a particles of a substance when they are heated up?
They gain kinetic energy.
What is the units for pressure?
Pascals
What is gas pressure?
The force a gas exerts on a surface per unit area when colliding with the walls of their container.
What is the Brownian motion?
The random motion of particles in a liquid or gas.
What does potential energy measure?
How arranged the particles are in their container.
What is meant by internal energy?
The total potential and kinetic energy stores of all the particles in the substance.
What does latent heat tell us?
How much energy is needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance at a constant temperature.
What is the latent heat of fusion?
The amount of energy needed to melt or freeze the material at its melting point.
What is meant by specific heat capacity?
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1degree celsius.
How much heat capacity does it take us to heat a litre of water up by 1 degree celsius?
4200 j/kg degree celsius
At what temperature does water boil at?
100 degrees celsius
What are the two changes of state between a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a gas?
fusion and vapourisation
In a gas, why does increasing the volume of the container decrease the pressure?
The particles are colliding with the walls of the container less often because the volume is larger.
What is Boyle’s law?
Volume x pressure = constant. Initial pressure and volume = Final pressure and volume.
What is the structure of particles in a solid and how do its particles move?
A solid’s particles are arranged in rows and columns and are tightly packed together all touching. They can’t flow and they vibrate in their arrangement. They are in a fixed position.
What is the structure of particle’s in a liquid and how do its particles move?
A liquid’s particles can flow easily and can change shape depending on the container they are in. Its volume always stays the same and a some of the particles are touching and some are not. Particles are slightly scattered, can slide over each other and are becoming random.
What is the structure of particles in a gas and how do its particles move?
A gases particles are randomly arranged and spaced out. They move around freely and randomly, the particles are not touching and they can flow. The particles move quickly.
What is Latent heat?
The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapour, or a liquid into a vapour.
1 g/cm cubed is equal to 1,000 kg/m cubed
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Go onto bitesize on volume and learn how to find the different volumes of 3d shapes
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How do you find the volume of an irregular object?
Using a displacement can - it’s filled with water above a narrow spout and allowed to drain until the water is level with the bottom of the spout.
As irregular object is placed into the water, the water level rises and all the displaced water comes out the spout and is collected in a measuring cylinder. This volume of water is the same volume as the irregular object.
When matter changes state, the number of particles never changes - just their spacing and arrangement.
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What two things happen to a material when it is heated or cooled?
- Chemical bonds between the particles may form, break or stretch - a change in the chemical store of energy.
- The particles within the material will gain or lose speed, there is a change in the thermal energy store within the material.
