geography tundra

Question 0

Modern housing

Answer 0

Double walls with insulation, steep roof to allow snow to slide off, triple glazing, concrete stilts, car plugged into an electricity supply all night to stop the engine freezing, utilidor on stilts heated with steam to prevent water freezing

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

Northern hemisphere, mainly north of the arctic circle, in Alaska, Northern Canada, Scandinavia and Northern Russia

Question 2

Inuit old way of life

Answer 2

Igloos and tents, animal fat for heating, raw meat, seal skin boots für jackets, dog sleds, bows and arrows, harpoons, lack of food, severe weather

Question 3

Inuit new way of life

Answer 3

Wooden housing on stilts, central heating, imported food, western clothes, skidoos and roads for transport, guns, government work or oil and gas industry, alcoholism and and drugs

Question 4

The impact of global warming

Answer 4

May affect native animals such as polar bears which need ice to hunt, reduces number of species for hunting, thawing of permafrost could damage buildings and pipelines which are built on stilts in the ground

Question 5

Alaska pipeline background

Answer 5

Travels 1285km from prudhoe bay to port Valdez

Question 6

Pipeline problems and solutions

Answer 6

Extreme cold makes pumping oil difficult so oil is pumped at 80*c, crosses rivers so built on suspension bridges, underground pipeline could melt permafrost so ground is refrigerated! pipeline crosses an earthquake belt so sliding shoes allow sideways movement

Question 7

Pipeline advantages

Answer 7

Highest average income in all of US, oil provides 85% of the state’s income, pays for schools and hospitals, provides thousands of jobs

Question 8

Pipeline disadvantages

Answer 8

Damage to fragile wildlife and vegetation, loss of wilderness area, disruption of caribou migration routes, destruction of traditional way of life, fear of an oil spill

Question 9

Exxon Valdez oil spill

Answer 9

Tanker ran aground on a submarine reef in 1989 because the captain was drunk and an oil slick 10cm thick spread 1000km to the sw

Question 10

Clean up

Answer 10

Encircling the spill with booms and skimming off the oil, dispersing with chemicals, burning off the oil, hand cleaning

Question 11

Degree of success

Answer 11

Less than 10% of oil was recovered, burning the oil produced fumes

Question 12

Effects of spill

Answer 12

Destruction of fragile ecosystem, 10 million birds dead, 5000 sea otters killed, loss of business for tourist industry, local fishing industry ruined

Question 13

Prevention

Answer 13

Oil spill drills, new skimming systems, double hulled tankers