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NAT SCI 4 > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

Geo (Ge) = ?

A

Earth

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2
Q

Logos = ?

A

Discourse

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3
Q

The science of the Earth

A

Geology

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4
Q

i. the _______, of which it is made
ii. the _______ that act on these materials
iii. the _______ formed

A

materials, process, products

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5
Q

History of the planet Earth and its life forms since its origin

A

Geology

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6
Q

Total set of circumstances that surrounds an individual or a community

A

Environment

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7
Q

Two conditions of the environment

A

Physical conditions
Social and cultural conditions

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8
Q

Air, water, gases, landforms

A

Physical conditions

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9
Q

Ethics, economics, aesthetics

A

Social and cultural conditions

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10
Q

The application of geologic principles and knowledge to problems created by man’s occupancy and exploitation of the natural environment

A

Environmental Geology

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11
Q

Environmental Geology considers:

A

i. Earth processes, resources, and structures
ii. Society and culture

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12
Q

Includes the study of natural hazards, landscape evaluation, earth materials, hydrologic processes, geological processes

A

Environmental Geology

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13
Q

Application of Environmental Geology:
i. help solve ________ in land use
ii. minimize environment ________
iii. maximize the beneficial results of using our ________ and ________ environment

A

conflicts, degradation, natural and modified

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14
Q

True or False: Environmental Geology uses the scientific method

A

True

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15
Q

The way we perceive and respond to our natural environment

A

Environmental Awareness

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16
Q

Assumes that we are the land’s
citizens and protectors, not its conquerors (Aldo Leopold)

A

Land ethics

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17
Q

We have a moral obligation to the present and future Earth community to preserve and protect the environment

A

Environmental Ethics

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18
Q

Two types of Environmental Ethics

A

Ecological and Land

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19
Q

Produced because of the demands made on the diminishing resources by a growing human population and the ever-increasing production of waste

A

Environmental Crisis

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20
Q

4 Causes of Environmental Crisis (OUII)

A

i. Overpopulation
ii. Urbanization and little regard for the land
iii. Industrialization
iv. Inadequate institutions to cope with environmental stress

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21
Q

Talked about the threats of synthetic pesticide use, played a significant role in pesticide policy in the US and
the world, inspired environmental movements and emerging awareness of environmental health

A

The Silent Spring by Rachel Carson (1962)

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22
Q

Reiterates the environmental crisis is quiet but urgent
*Why is the crisis quiet in the 1960s? Is it still quiet at present?

A

The Quiet Crisis by Stewart Udall (1963)

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23
Q

Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Geology

A
  1. Population Growth
  2. Sustainability
  3. Systems
  4. Limitation of Resources
  5. Uniformitarianism
  6. Hazardous Earth Processes
  7. Aesthetic Considerations
  8. Our Obligation to the Future
  9. Geology as a basic environmental science
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24
Q

Number one environmental problem

A

Excessive population growth

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25
Human population is growing at an exponential rate
Population Bomb
26
The population increases by ~__ million per year ~________ people are added each hour
94 million 10,000
27
"The impact per person multiplied by the population." is according to?
Garret Hardin
28
Formula for Total environmental impact (population)
Total environmental impact (population) = impact (person) x population
29
Implications of Population Growth (SCPG)
i. Shortages (food supplies, mineral resources) ii. Changes in global environment (deforestation, desertification) iii. Pollution iv. Global warming and ozone depletion
30
Current world population as of 2025
8,205,125,224
31
Country with the highest population
India
32
Region in the Philippines with the highest population
Region IV-A (Calabarzon)
33
Rank of the Philippines in the world population
14
34
Philippine region with the highest population
Region IV-A (Calabarzon)
35
Stages of the Growth of the Human Population
1. Hunters and gatherers 2. Early, preindustrial agriculture 3. Early industrial age 4. The modern era
36
Global pandemic that lasted from 1346 to 1353 in Europe and Asia.
The Black Death (bubonic plague)
37
Cause of The Black Death: bacteria called _______ _______ that live in some animals - mainly rodents and their fleas.
Yersinia pestis
38
Symptoms of The Black Death: painful, swollen lymph nodes or ______ in the groin or armpit.
buboes
39
An environmental objective: Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (UN, 1987).
Sustainability
40
1990’s slogan of sustainability
"SAVE OUR PLANET"
41
Careful management and wise use of the planet and its resources
Sustainable global economy
42
Identify the years: The ____ Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in ____, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.
2030; 2015
43
SDG #12
Responsible Consumption and Production
44
SDG #13
Climate Action
45
SDG #14
Life Below Water
46
SDG #15
Life on Land
47
SDG #16
Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
48
Any defined part of the universe selected for study
Systems
49
Most contain component parts that mutually adjust
Systems
50
What are the Earth's systems? (AHBL)
Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Lithosphere
51
Exchanges energy or material into or out of the system
Open System
52
Only energy move into or out of the system
Closed System
53
Principle of Environmental Unity
"Everything affects everything else"
54
A system response in which the output is an input causing changes to the system
Feedback
55
A system response in which the output is an input causing changes to the system
Feedback
56
The outcome of a change amplifies the initiating event and the outcome
Positive Feedback
57
The outcome moderates or decreases the process inducing the system to a steady state (self-regulating)
Negative Feedback
58
The Earth is the only suitable habitat we have, and its resources are limited
Limitation of Resources
59
True or False: i. Earth is the only place that is now accessible to us ii. Resources are limited
True! Those are the fundamental truths.
60
Two major views on resources
Finite & Infinite Resources
61
Finding resources is not so much a problem as is finding ways to use them
Infinite Resources
62
Cannot support an exponential increase of people forever
Finite Resources
63
Magnitude and frequency of geologic processes are subject to natural and artificially induced change
Uniformitarianism
64
"The present is the key to the past" "The present is the key to the future"
Uniformitarianism
65
Geologic events = ________ + ________
Geologic events = natural EP (Earth Processes) + effects of HA (Human Activities)
66
Vertical sediments cross-cut by an erosion surface called an unconformity (James Hulton, 1726-1797)
Siccar Point
67
There has always been Earth processes that are hazardous to people, they must be recognized and avoided when possible and their threat to human life and property minimized
Hazardous Earth Processes
68
To recognize natural processes and predict their effects, we must consider the c______, b______, and g______ conditions we have
climatic, biologic, and geologic
69
Earth processes that cause life and property loss
Geohazards
70
Examples of Geohazards
Flooding Earthquake Volcanic Activity Mass Wasting
71
Both land- and water-use planning should strive to obtain a balance between economic considerations and the less tangible variables such as aesthetics
Aesthetic Considerations
72
Scenery is now considered as a _______ _______
natural resource
73
The effects of land use tend to be cumulative
Our obligation to the future
74
The entire surface of the Earth has been altered by ______ ______
Human Activity (HA)
75
True or False: HA (agriculture, urbanization, mining) moves more soil and rock per year than any other natural processes (40-45 billion tons)
True
76
Conservation practices that provide soil for the future generations
Our obligation to the future
77
Developed countries: __% live in urban area Developing countries: __%
75% 40%
78
Urban area with at least 10 million inhabitants
Megacity
79
Fundamental component of every person’s environment is the geologic component
Geology as a basic environmental science
80
True or False: All geologic disciplines are considered environmental
True
81
Environmental geology = _____________
interdisciplinary

NAT SCI 4 (7 decks)

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