Igneous Rocks

Question 1

a naturally-occurring aggregate of one or more minerals; may or may not contain natural glass and organic matter

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

classified by mineral and chemical composition; the texture of the constituent particles; and also by the processes that formed them

Answer 2

Rocks

Question 3

Ignis means?

Answer 3

fire

Question 4

form when magma (molten rock) cools and crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the crust

Answer 4

Igneous Rocks

Question 5

molten rock generated by partial melting of rocks in Earth’s upper mantle and in the lower crust in smaller amounts

Answer 5

Magma

Question 6

collects in many separate magma chambers within the Earth’s crust; different compositions in different places

Answer 6

Magma

Question 7

magma will have a longer time to crystallize mineral while in the ____________

Answer 7

subsurface

Question 8

these rocks form when magma cools and solidifies underground

Answer 8

Intrusive Rocks

Question 9

these rocks form when the molten material (lava) reaches the Earth’s surface

Answer 9

Extrusive Rocks

Question 10

Liquids in Magma

Answer 10

Silicate (sometimes carbonate or
sulfide)
Ions of K, Na, Fe, Ca, Mg, Al

Question 11

Solids in Magma

Answer 11

Minerals
Rock fragments

Question 12

Dissolved Gas in Magma

Answer 12

H₂O, CO₂, SO₂

Question 13

Temperature of Magma

Answer 13

600-1200°C

Question 14

Property to resist flow

Answer 14

Viscosity

Question 15

higher temperature, (lower/higher) viscosity

Answer 15

lower

Question 16

higher SiO₂, (lower/higher) viscosity

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

higher dissolved H₂O, (lower/higher) viscosity

Answer 17

lower

Question 18

Felsic, Silicic or acidic (>63% SiO₂)
Intermediate (52-63% SiO₂)

Answer 18

Continental Crust

Question 19

Mafic or basic (45-52% SiO₂)

Answer 19

Oceanic Crust

Question 20

Ultramafic or ultrabasic (<45% SiO₂)

Answer 20

Upper Mantle

Question 21

Types of Magma

Answer 21

Felsic
Intermediate
Mafic
Ultramafic

Question 22

Types of Magma is classified according to

Answer 22

Temperature
Silica Content
Viscosity

Question 23

Type of Igneous Rocks:
molten rock solidified at the surface
ex. Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite

Answer 23

Extrusive (volcanic)

Question 24

Type of Igneous Rocks:
igneous rocks formed at depth
ex. Gabbro, Diorite, Granite

Answer 24

Intrusive (plutonic)

Question 25

Classification of Igneous Rocks: very fine-grained (<2mm in diameter) as a result of rapid cooling at the surface - minerals too small to be seen by the naked eye

Answer 25

Aphanitic

Question 26

Classification of Igneous Rocks: coarse-grained (>5 mm) mineral sizes due to magma cooling at depth.

Answer 26

Phaneritic

Question 27

Classification of Igneous Rocks: very large crystals (phenocrysts) embedded in smaller crystals (groundmass)

Answer 27

Porphyritic

Question 28

Classification of Igneous Rocks: contain tiny holes called vesicles formed due to gas bubbles in the lava or magma

Answer 28

Vesicular

Question 29

Classification of Igneous Rocks: molten rock quenched quickly as it was ejected into the atmosphere

Answer 29

Glassy

Question 30

Classification of Igneous Rocks: formed when volcanic materials are extruded violently; made of rock fragments rather than crystals

Answer 30

Pyroclastic