Geology

Question 1

A mineral has a definite chemical composition. This means it must be an ____________ or a _________________.

Answer 1

element, compound

Question 2

Atoms arranged in definite patterns will create _____________.

Answer 2

crystals

Question 3

Is concrete a mineral? Why or why not?

Answer 3

Concrete is not a mineral because it does not occur naturally, it is man made, has no definite chemical composition, and no crystal pattern.

Question 4

Is Ice a mineral? Why or why not?

Answer 4

Ice from glaciers are minerals because they occur naturally and meets the 5 criteria, but freezer ice is not because it is man made.

Question 5

How many minerals have been identified?

Answer 5

3,000-4,000

Question 6

What are the two most abundant minerals in the crust?

Answer 6

Quartz, Feldspar

Question 7

What are the 8 most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 7

Fe, O, Si, Mg, Al, Ca, Na, K

Question 8

What are the 2 most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

O, Si

Question 9

____________ + ______________ + a metal = a silicate

Answer 9

Silicone, Oxygen

Question 10

What percent of the minerals in the Earth’s crust are silicates?

Answer 10

96%

Question 11

Minerals are classified by their chemical make up as either a ____________ or a ______________.

Answer 11

silicate, non-silicate

Question 12

What % of minerals in the Earth’s crust are non-silicates?

Answer 12

4%

Question 13

Native elements contain _________________.

Answer 13

one element

Question 14

Oxide minerals contain _____________, sometimes _______________, plus another element.

Answer 14

Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 15

Halides contain elements from the __________ group on the periodic table.

Answer 15

Halogen

Question 16

Most often halides combine with the elements _______, ______, ________, ___________, ___________.

Answer 16

Fl, Cl, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

Question 17

Carbon, Oxygen, and another element will classify a mineral as a __________________

Answer 17

carbonate

Question 18

What is the difference between a Sulfide and a Sulfate?

Answer 18

A Sulfide contains S but no O, and a Sulfate contains both S and O.

Question 19

What is the easiest physical property to identify?

Answer 19

colour

Question 20

Why is colour not a reliable property?

Answer 20

unreliable

Question 21

What are minerals that change colours?

Answer 21

Flourite, Quartz, Hematite

Question 22

What colour streak does Hematite have?

Answer 22

red

Question 23

What are some things that could possibly affect the colour of a mineral.

Answer 23

where the mineral was made/found, weather, lack/excess of element, sunlight, water

Question 24

What is luster?

Answer 24

the ability to reflect light

Question 25

A mineral can be classified as having a ___________ or a ________________ luster.

Answer 25

metallic, non-metallic

Question 26

What are 5 words to describe a non-metallic luster?

Answer 26

glassy, waxy, pearly, brilliant, earthy

Question 27

What is streak?

Answer 27

the colour of a mineral in powdered form

Question 28

What type streak will most metallic minerals have?

Answer 28

dark

Question 29

Non-metallic minerals typically have a _______________ or _____________ streak.

Answer 29

clear, lighter

Question 30

You test the streak with a ________________, _____________, _____________________.

Answer 30

streak plate, mineral, mortar & pestle

Question 31

What is hardness?

Answer 31

the resistance to scratching

Question 32

What is the hardness of a penny?

Answer 32

3.2

Question 33

What is the hardness of a glass slide?

Answer 33

5.5

Question 34

What is the hardness of your fingernail?

Answer 34

2.5

Question 35

What is the hardness of an Iron nail?

Answer 35

6.5

Question 36

Diamond can scratch ________________________.

Answer 36

any mineral

Question 37

What do all minerals experience when they break?

Answer 37

fracture

Question 38

What make up rocks?

Answer 38

minerals

Question 39

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 39

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 40

The inner core is made of solid _________.

Answer 40

iron

Question 41

What kind of minerals are in intrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 41

large, grainy

Question 42

What kind of texture are intrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 42

rough

Question 43

What kind of texture are extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 43

smooth

Question 44

What is the most common type of rock?

Answer 44

granite

Question 45

What % of rocks are sedimentary?

Answer 45

75%

Question 46

What 3 categories are sedimentary rocks divided into?

Answer 46

clastic, chemical, organic

Question 47

What form metamorphic rocks?

Answer 47

heat & pressure

Question 48

How do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 48

tiny particles are compressed and compacted into a rock

Question 49

Define mineral

Answer 49

A mineral is inorganic, naturally occurring, solid, crystal patterned, and has a definite chemical composition.