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Year 8 science > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

1
Q

Igneous

A

Rocks that have been created by Magma or Lava.

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2
Q

Magma

A

A substance that has never been on the surface and stays underground.

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3
Q

Lava

A

Magma that has reached the surface via a volcano.

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4
Q

Intrusive

A

Magma that has turned into rock and is underground

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5
Q

Extrusive

A

Lava that has formed into rocks.

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6
Q

Minerals

A

A substance that is used to create rocks or a natural solid substance with a definite chemical compound

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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

The first layer of the Earth that is usually composed of Aluminum, magnesium and many others.

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The second layer of Earth comprised of mostly molten rocks

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A Shaped substance that is made from atom and molecules to form into several shapes.

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10
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Rocks that come together in layers that are under pressure.

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11
Q

Erosion

A

TIring and removing rock and soil via wind, water and other natural elements.

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12
Q

floodplains

A

Open flat land near rivers where the sedimentary rock was dropped off from floods.

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13
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that bends down to push boulders, gravel, etc.

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14
Q

Moraine

A

The leftovers from the movement of Glaciers.

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15
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock that has sand and other salts.

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

A sedimentary rock that has no layering.

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17
Q

Shale

A

A sedimentary rock made of hardened clay.

18
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock that has similar particle width of sandstone or mudstone.

19
Q

Conglomerate

A

A sedimentary rock comprised of large particles.

20
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock consisting of dead sea organisms.

21
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock composed of dead plants and animals often used as a power source.

22
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary rock made of salt from dried up lakes.

23
Q

Mineral ores

A

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

24
Q

Mining

A

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

25
Q

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

A

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

26
Q

Rehabilitated

A

restored to its previous condition

27
Q

Overburden

A

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

28
Q

underground mining

A

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

29
Q

underground mining

A

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

30
Q

Stone age

A

A period where humans used rocks for tools and survival.

31
Q

Alloy

A

a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.

32
Q

Flint

A

a hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica (chert), occurring chiefly as nodules in chalk.

33
Q

Percussion flaking

A

the shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler

34
Q

Fossil

A

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

35
Q

palaeontologists

A

a scientist who studies fossils

36
Q

relative age

A

the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

37
Q

carnivores

A

animals that eats other animals

38
Q

scavengers

A

animals that eat dead plant and animal material

39
Q

mould

A

the cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

40
Q

trace fossils

A

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

41
Q

extinct

A

describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of the future eruption.

42
Q

Folding

A

the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

Year 8 science (6 decks)

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