Geomorphology

Question 1

A wind-eroded depression in the side of a cliff of a homogenous rock type

Answer 1

Alcoves and yardang windows

Question 2

A low, triangular-shaped deposits built from the accumulation of sediments at thr mouth of a valley

Answer 2

Alluvial fan

Question 3

The size of an alluvial fan depends on which of the ff: (Area of Drainage Basin, Climate, Lithologies in the Source Area, Tectonic Activity, Space for Fan Growth)

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Roughly circular or oval in plan an have a surface exposure of over 100 km2; deep-seated and are usually composed of coarse-grained plutonic rocks

Answer 4

Batholiths, lopoliths, and stocks

Question 5

Submarine, circular, steep-sided holes which occur in coral reefs

Answer 5

Blue hole

Question 6

Shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline, or cenote

Answer 6

Sinkhole

Question 7

A compound alluvial fan where neighboring alluvial fans converge into a single apron of deposits against a slope; may hole very shallow lakes called playa

Answer 7

Bajada

Question 8

A small, steep-sided and flat-topped hill, built of flat lying soft rocks capped by a more resistant layer of sedimentary rock, lava flow, or duricrust, surrounded by a plain

Answer 8

Butte

Question 9

A deeply-incised, steep-sided river valley

Answer 9

Canyon

Question 10

An assymetrical upland feature usually associated with gently dipping rocks and comprisig a steep scarp slope (or escarpment) and a longer, gentler dip slope

Answer 10

Cuesta

Question 11

Which of the following landforms are not associated with dipping and horizontal strata? (Cuesta, Homoclinal/Strike Ridge, Hogback, Butte, Mesa, Plateau, Canyon)

Answer 11

Canyon

Question 12

Also pericline; formed by tectonic warping, igneous intrusion, or diapir

Answer 12

Dome

Question 13

A depositional landform produced by sedimentation at and around the mouth of a river; river-, tide-, wave-dominated

Answer 13

Delta

Question 14

A large area of sand dunes

Answer 14

Erg

Question 15

A long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel that are frequently several km long and are somewhat like railroad embankments; probably former sites of sub-glacial streams and rivers

Answer 15

Esker

Question 16

A steep slope coinciding with the line of a fault

Answer 16

Fault scarp

Question 17

Associated with hogback ridges; triangular-shaped remnants of the bed between v-shaped notches; steeply stoping wedge-shaped landscape features created by differential erosion

Answer 17

Flatirons

Question 18

German “sea of rock”; areas covered by large angular blocks (formed in situ), traditionally believed to have been created by freeze-thaw action

Answer 18

Felsenmeer or blockfield

Question 19

Major splits into limestone pavement, formed by widening, deepening, and eventual merging of solution features that develop along linear weakness in the rock

Answer 19

Grike (Bogaz)

Question 20

Small closed depressions on horizontal and gently inclined rock surfaces; similar to solution pits in carbonate rocks;

Answer 20

Gnamma (weathering pit or panhole)

Question 21

A mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering; also pyramidal peak

Answer 21

Glacial horn

Question 22

A tall, thin, spire of soft (sedimentary) rock topped by harder, more resistant stone that protects each column from erosion

Answer 22

Hoodoo (demoiselle/earth pyramid/fairy chimney/tent rock)

Question 23

Large, perennial, conical, ice-cored mountains that are common in some low-lying permafrost areas dominated by fine-grained sediments, with the ice forming form injected water

Answer 23

Hydrolaccoliths (pingo)

Question 24

Large, freestanding, residual masses of rock; most common and most well known in granitic rocks

Answer 24

Inselberg (tor/monadnock)

Question 25

A narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water that otherwise separates them

Answer 25

Isthmus

Question 26

Groups of residual, steep-sided conical-shaped hills produced by limestone solution

Answer 26

Kegelkarst (cone karst/cockpit karst)

Question 27

An umbrella term which covers an elaborately diverse group of small-scale solutional features and sculpturing found on limestone and dolomite surfaces exposed at the ground surface or in caves

Answer 27

Karren

Question 28

Lithalsas (stone rings)

Answer 28

Permafrost mounds formed by ice segregation within mineral soils that occur within the zone of discontinuous permafrost

Question 29

An embankment, natural or man-made that confines flow during high-water periods

Answer 29

Levée

Question 30

Occurs when a meandering river on alluvium eats down into the underlying bedrock

Answer 30

Incised meander

Question 31

A prominent limestone hill in an are of tower karst

Answer 31

Mogote

Question 32

An elongated cliff-base hollow cut out by abrasion, usually where breaking waves are armed with rock fragments

Answer 32

Abrasion notch

Question 33

A point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water

Answer 33

Ness (headland/promontory/cape)

Question 34

A horseshoe shaped length of stream channel which is an almost closed meander loop

Answer 34

Oxbow

Question 35

Forms just under a boulder, form which the rate of surface lowering may be evaluated

Answer 35

Pedestal

Question 36

A large karst depression that may sometimes be flooded with water, and which has been formed either by solution, or cavern collapse or for strutural reasons

Answer 36

Polje

Question 37

A sheet-like surface of rock fragments that remains after wind and water have removed the fine particles; covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble

Answer 37

Reg (desert pavement/glober/hamada)

Question 38

A long, narrow, often branching inlet formed by marine submergence of parts of a river valley that had previously been incised to a lower sea level

Answer 38

Ria

Question 39

Accumulation of broken rock fragments that typically have a concave upwards form; maximum inclination corresponds to the angle of repose of mean debris size

Answer 39

Scree or talus

Question 40

An isolated upstanding steep-sided rock pillar, column or pinnacle rising from the shore, a shore platform, or the sea floor close to a cliffed coast

Answer 40

Stack or stump

Question 41

Cavernous weathering hollows produced in vertical or near-vertical rock faces; singular tafone

Answer 41

Tafoni in calcareous sandstone

Question 42

A variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals preicpitate out of ambient temperature water

Answer 42

Travertine or tufa

Question 43

A depression or large hollow in limestone areas produced when several sinkholes or doline coalesce

Answer 43

Uvala

Question 44

Created when magma hardens within vent on an active volcano; a distinctive upstanding landform produced when erosion removes the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains

Answer 44

Volcanic neck/pipe

Question 45

Corrosional notches at the cliff foot sometimes have protruding visors above them and plinths below them

Answer 45

Visor

Question 46

Notch or abandoned former channel in resistant bedrock ridges that was formerly a water gap when there was insufficient stream power to complete the down cutting process

Answer 46

Wind gap

Question 47

Also known as abandoned drainages, stream capture, or stream piracy

Answer 47

Wind gap

Question 48

A tributary stream that is prevented form joining the main river because of the levees which flank the latter

Answer 48

Yazoo

Question 49

A streamlined hill carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semi-consolidated material that resembles the hull of a boat

Answer 49

Yardang/zeugen

Question 50

Isolated rocks between joints that result from downward erosion of less resistant layers

Answer 50

Rock fins