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Crystallumancy > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three main factors influencing landform development in geomorphology?

A

Climatic, Lithological, and Structural factors

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2
Q

What is geomorphology?

A

The study of the Earth’s surface landforms and the processes that shape them

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3
Q

How does climate influence geomorphology?

A

Through dominant erosive or depositional agents like water, ice, or wind, depending on climate zone

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4
Q

What are the main morphoclimatic zones?

A

Glacial, Periglacial, Arid, and Humid Tropical

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5
Q

Which agent shapes landforms in temperate climates?

A

Running water (rivers)

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6
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

An area where all water drains to a common outlet, like a river or lake

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7
Q

What defines a river’s longitudinal profile?

A

The elevation gradient from headwaters to mouth

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8
Q

What is base level in geomorphology?

A

The lowest point to which a river can erode, often sea level

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9
Q

What are meanders?

A

Curved bends in rivers formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank

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10
Q

What is an oxbow lake?

A

A cut-off meander that forms a U-shaped lake

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11
Q

What is a braided channel?

A

A river channel with multiple interweaving paths, common in glacial melt areas

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12
Q

What is an alluvial fan?

A

A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed where a stream exits a mountain

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13
Q

What is a glacis?

A

A gently inclined sedimentary slope connecting higher ground to a valley

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14
Q

What causes terraces in river systems?

A

Changes in base level and lateral erosion

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15
Q

What are the types of river sediment transport?

A

Bed load, suspended load, and solution

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16
Q

What is permafrost?

A

Permanently frozen ground found in cold climate zones

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17
Q

What is a pingo?

A

A dome-shaped mound of ice under earth formed in permafrost

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18
Q

What are ice wedges?

A

Cracks in permafrost filled with ice due to freeze-thaw cycles

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19
Q

What is a glacier?

A

A mass of moving ice formed where snowfall exceeds melting

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20
Q

What is a cirque?

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A

A bowl-shaped depression where snow accumulates and glaciers form

21
Q

What is a roche moutonnée?

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A

A rock formation smoothed by glacial movement, indicating ice flow direction

22
Q

What are moraines?

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A

Deposits of glacial till marking glacier boundaries

23
Q

What is till?

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A

Unsorted glacial sediment deposited directly by ice

24
Q

What are eskers?

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A

Long winding ridges formed by glacial meltwater streams

25
What is a sandur?
A plain formed by glacial meltwater sedimentation
26
What is karst topography?
Landforms created by chemical dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone
27
What are dolines?
Depressions in karst areas caused by rock dissolution
28
What are stalactites and stalagmites?
Cave formations from mineral deposition—stalactites hang from ceilings, stalagmites grow from the floor
29
What is a cuesta?
An asymmetric ridge formed from tilted sedimentary layers
30
What is an anticline?
An upward-arching fold in rock layers
31
What is a syncline?
A downward fold in rock layers
32
What is a fault?
A fracture in Earth's crust with movement along it
33
What is tabular relief?
Flat-lying layers creating plateaus and mesas
34
What are fjords?
Deep coastal valleys carved by glaciers and later flooded by the sea
35
What are deltas?
Sediment deposits at a river's mouth forming new land
36
What are tombolos?
Sandbars that connect islands to the mainland
37
What is an atoll?
A ring-shaped coral reef surrounding a lagoon, often on sunken volcanoes
38
What is a guyot?
A flat-topped submerged seamount
39
What are mid-ocean ridges?
Underwater mountain chains formed by divergent plate boundaries
40
What is chemical weathering?
Breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions, especially in tropical climates
41
What is laterite?
A red, iron-rich soil formed by intense tropical weathering
42
What are yardangs?
Streamlined ridges carved by wind in arid zones
43
What are loess deposits?
Wind-blown silt accumulations in arid and glacial margins
44
What are deflation basins?
Depressions formed by wind removing loose particles
45
What is an uvala?
A large karst depression formed by the merging of several dolines
46
What is a polje?
A large flat-floored karst basin with steep walls
47
What is a horn or nunatak?
A sharp mountain peak or exposed ridge surrounded by glaciers
48
What is a hanging valley?
A tributary glacial valley elevated above the main U-shaped valley

Crystallumancy (5 decks)

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