geopolitics Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is economic-geography
study of the spatial variation of human economic activities: production, consumption, and exchange.
“geography is destiny”
country will be poi if it has a location that is inaccessible, an enviournment that is prone to disease, an extreme climate, and fragile soils.
examples of economic activities
- production and primary sector activities (agriculture, fishing
& forestry, natural resources, and mineral extraction), - manufacturing and value-added industries,
- trade routes, networks and commodity flows,
- information and consumer services,
- wholesale and retail trade and markers,
- global finance, money and banking,
- foreign direct investment, development policy, and
globalisation - real estate and urban development,
- rural development & community planning,
- infrastructure and the built environment
- technology, innovation and know-how
pros of globalisation
- economic growth (access to - labor, jobs, resources) - ability for nations to specialise
- increased global cooperation
- increased cross-border investment
cons of globalisation
- increased competition
- disproportionate growth
- environmental concerns
environmental concerns (cons of globalisation)
1.Deforestation and loss of biodiversity caused by economic specialisation and infrastructure development
2.Greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution caused by increased transportation of good
3.the introduction of potentially invasive species into new environments
impact of globalisation on society
- migration
- rapid growth of trade hubs
- change in concepts of national identity, culture, and consumption patterns
- urbanisation
- increase incomes and a higher standard of living
- crime, domestic violence, homelessness, and poverty
who runs economy (states or corporations)
host nation-states are no longer able to effectively govern their economies
what is social-economic geography
- social sciences
- exact science
what is physical geography
- exact science
what is political geography
-changing ways in politics,
key attributes to political geography (at least I think)
-living space
-Political process
-Economic base
-people
fields within political geography
- The mapping and study of elections and their results,
- The relationship between the government and the federal, state and local level and its
people, - The marking of political boundaries,
- The relationships between nations involved in international supranational political
groupings such as the European Union,
Forms of Governance
- Unitary states (Poland),
- Federal states, (India, Mexico, Russia)
- Confederations,
federal state vs confederations
n a federal form of government, or federation, laws are determined at both the state and national level. In federal governments, power is held by states and by federal level government.
In a confederal government, or confederation, laws are determined mainly at the state level,
definition of economic geography (again?)
Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organisation of economic activities across the world.
fields within economic geography
- Economic geography is a sub-field within the larger subjects of geography and economics,
- Researchers within this field study the location distribution, and organisation of economic activity around the world,
- it is also important in developing nations because the reasons and methods of development or lack therefore are more easily understood,
- Today’s economic geography is also very reliant on geography is also very reliant on geographic information systems (GIS) to conduct research on markets, the placement of businesses and the supply and demand of a giber product for an area.
how can we define geopolitics (Fredrich Ratzel)
- biogeography
- geopolitik
- lebensraum
- mitteleuropa (Mitteleuropa has different meaning in polish german perspective: Germany is in central europe
polish perspective: Poland, czech republic,
Slovakia and Hungary is in Central Europe)
determinism vs indeterminism
determinism
- be prepared for the worst
- sth bigger decides about it
indeterminism
- we decide about ourselves
how can we define geopolitics (Rudolf Kjellen)
- The state as a Living Form (1916)
- territory is for him more important than the people of the state,
- its better to loose many people than territory of the country (HIS OPINION),
- German Geopolitik
- Reich (Raum)- Volk - Haushalt - Gesselschaft - Regierung
how can we define geopolitics (Karl Haushofer)
- The Institute of Geopolitics in Munich (1922),
- The organic state,
- autarky - an economic system where the state tries to be
absolutely independent, based on its own resources
Example: North Korea (but still this country wouldn’t survive without the support of China)
* Introduced pan-regions, namely spheres of political and cultural influence (the U.S., Japan, Germany)
theory of sea power
Alfred Mahan (1840-1914)
Access to oceans is the most important Strong navy as a key to success strategic bases in the world
American neoimperialism
heartland theory
Halford J. Mackinder (1861-1947)
* criticised Mahan - the end of sea power
* Who rules east Europe commands Heartland
* Who rules Heartland commands the World-Island
* Who rules World-Island controls the world
world population
- A national register of births and deaths,
- A national census: every ten years, in the United States since 1790
- Dynamic growth of the world populations since the 19th century
Reasons: advance in medicine, lower death rate especially among babies.
