Geriatrics

Question 1

MCC of blindness

Answer 1

Macular degeneration

Question 2

MCC of visual loss

Answer 2

Cataracts

Question 3

Most common endocrine cause of carpal tunnel

Answer 3

Hypothyroidism

Question 4

Presbyopia

Answer 4

• lens elasticity (farsighted)

Question 5

Presbycusis

Answer 5

• sensorineural hearing loss
• men = loss of high tones
• women = loss of low tones

Question 6

Macular degeneration

Answer 6

• irreversible
• painless
• central field loss

Question 7

Most common cause of conduction loss in elderly

Answer 7

Cerumen

Question 8

2 most common fracture in elderly

Answer 8

Traumatic = fall down in winter and fracture wrist

Spontaneous = break their hip and fall down

Question 9

Stroke

Answer 9

• tear of intima
• FAST
  — face, arm, speech, time

Question 10

Seborrheic keratosis

Answer 10

• barnacles of old age

- insignificant

Question 11

Lichenification and leukoplakia

Answer 11

Precancerous (chewing tobacco

Question 12

Constipation due to

Answer 12

Decreased fiber and fluids

Question 13

Osteoporosis

Answer 13

• DX with DEXA
• bone density
• normal blood calcium

Question 14

Prostate

Answer 14

• PSA(prostate specific antigen): non specific test

Question 15

Arterial insufficiency

Answer 15

Pale, thin skin, smokers

Question 16

Venous insufficiency

Answer 16

• rumor, stasis dermatitis (LE first)

Question 17

Age effects on: GFR? Kidney mass?

Answer 17

GFR decrease by 1/2

Kidney mass decreases

Question 18

Age effects on: lean muscle

Answer 18

Decreased

Question 19

Age effects on: lung capacity

Answer 19

Age effects on:

Question 20

Age effects on: collagen tissue

Answer 20

Decrease

Question 21

Age effects on:RBC’s

Answer 21

Micro/hypo

Decrease

Question 22

Age effects on: H20 and turgor

Answer 22

Decrease

Question 23

Age effects on: brain and nerve

Answer 23

Decrease by half

Question 24

Age effects on: taste

Answer 24

Decrease by 65%

Question 25

Age effects on: blood glucose

Answer 25

Same

Question 26

Age effects on: blood calcium

Answer 26

Same

Question 27

Age effects on: WBC’s

Answer 27

Same

Question 28

Age effects on: fat

Answer 28

Increase

Question 29

Age effects on: ESR

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

Age effects on: residual volume

Answer 30

Increase - can’t expel all the air out

Question 31

Incontinence causes

Answer 31

- stress - neurogenic (cauda equina) - infectious/ urge

Question 32

ESR levels

Answer 32

0-30 normal for aging population 0-20 normal 30-80 not diagnostic

Question 33

ESR over 80 in someone over 50

Answer 33

- Giant cell arthritis: basically have associated polymyalgia rheumatica (achy joints) Or - multiple myeloma: primary bone cancer (blood actually); stacks of IgG - Rouleaux complex

Question 34

<1 cm Flat Freckle

Answer 34

Macule

Question 35

<1 cm Raised/solid Wart

Answer 35

Papule

Question 36

< 0.5 cm Raised/serous Herpes

Answer 36

Vesicles (Hives, wheals, and urticaria) [hiving hold wheal and hurt your car]

Question 37

< 0.5 cm Raised/pus Acne

Answer 37

Pustule

Question 38

Flat Large Mongolian

Answer 38

Birthmark

Question 39

Raised/solid Arthritis Large

Answer 39

Module

Question 40

Raised/serous Pemphigus Large

Answer 40

Bullae

Question 41

Raised Pus Large Boil =>carbuncle

Answer 41

Furuncle