German Depth Study Flashcards
(27 cards)
What did the Nazi party stand for?
Racial purity
Nationalism
Socialism
Totalitarianism
Traditional German values
Who was the supposed “superior race”?
The arayan race (blond hair, blue eyes)
What was lebensraum?
The expansion of living space
What is totalitarianism?
-The belief that (the Nazi party) should be in control of all aspects of people’s life
-the total loyalty to one leader
What were traditional German values?
-strong family with clear male/female roles
-German culture (traditional music/art/theatre)
What was the 25 point plan?
-The 25 point plan was publicly presented in 1920
-it was the Nazis plan for germany
What did the 25 point plan consist of?
-the abolition of the ToV
-union of Germany and Austria
-only true Germans could live in Germany
-lebensraum
-generous old age pension
-a strong central government
-large businesses to be nationalised
What happened at the Munich Putsch?
-on the 8th November 1923 there was a meeting hall of 3000 members of the Bavarian government
-Hitler marched in with 800 members of the SA, shot his gun in the air and announced that he was taking over the Bavarian government
-he claimed that after taking over Munich he would go on to take over the German government
What were the failures of the Munich putsch?
-Hitler was put in prison
-he was humiliated
-the NSDAP was banned in the short term
What were the successes of the Munich putsch?
-Hitler was let out of prison after 9 months
-he gained publicity
-he wrote “Mein kampf” (my struggles)
-the NSDAP won their first seats at the richstag
Why did the Nazis win elections?
-Hitler was great at making speaches
-Nazis organised soup kitchens and provided shelters for the homeless
-exploited the fear of communism
-promised to reinvigorate traditional values
-the SA + SS provoked fear
-as the depression got worse people looked towards extremist parties
How did Hitler increase his role in the DAP?
-Hitler personally designed the Nazi flag (the swastika)
-Hitler bought the newspaper called volkischer to increase publicity and propaganda
-created a private army (the SA/brownshirts) -> loyal to Hitler
What happened on the night of the long knives?
-the leader of the SS warned Hitler that Rohm was planning on seizing power
-on 30th June 1934, Hitler arranged for Rohm and several others to be killed
-over 4 days, 400 people were shot including general von scheicher and Gregor Strasser
-this reduced the threat of opposition
How did the Nazis manipulate public opinion? (3 ways)
-rallies
-censorship
-positive cohesion
How did they use positive cohesion?
-mein kampf: Hitlers book that appealed to the people and became a best seller in Germany
-paintings and sculptures of heroic looking arayans/ military figures and the ideal family
-propaganda films
-control over news
-radio broadcasting hitlers speaches
What did the Nazis ban?
-book burning held in 1933 (books that were unacceptable to Nazi ideas)
-artists not approved by Nazis
-anti-Nazi newspapers
-Jewish editors/journalists
-foreign films
-jazz music (black=inferior)
-foreign radio stations eg. BBC (punishable by death)
Why was Germany considered the terror state?
-gestapo (the secret police)
-the SS- completely loyal to Hitler, led by Himler, violent
-police + courts- top jobs given to high ranking Nazis (unfair trials)
-concentration camps- set up in 1933 run by SS - hard labour and cruel punishments
Which minorities did the Nazis persecute?
-Jews
-mentally handicapped
-people with hereditary illnesses
-gypsies
-“asocials”- prostitutes, alcoholics,gays
What happened to the mentally ill?
72,000 were gassed before a public objection
What happened to gypsies and “asocials”?
Sent to concentration camps for hard labour
What happened to the mentally handicapped?
-euthanised
-over 5,000 children killed between 1939-1945 (during war) through injection or starvation
What happened to Jews in 1933?
“The power of the state” was mobilised banning them from public services and they had to wear a star
What happened to Jews in 1935?
Nuremberg laws took away their German citizenship
What happened to Jews in 1938?
Kristalnacht- ‘the night of broken glass’ -destroyed Jewish homes and buissinesses
