Germany 1945-49

Question 1

What council administered Germany?

Answer 1

ACC - Allied Control Council

Question 2

How many parties did USSR accept in 1945?

Answer 2

Four:
- Social Democrats
- Communists
- Liberals
- Christian Democrats

Question 3

Why did Stalin create the German Socialist Unity Party?

Answer 3

Communist dominance had not emerged by 1946

Question 4

What parties did Stalin merge and to create what?

Answer 4

Social Democrats and Communists
German Socialist Unity Party

Question 5

3 unilateral policies USSR enacted

Answer 5

Nationalisation
Land Reform
Compulsory Russian education in schools

Question 6

What did USSR want from Germany?

Answer 6

Reparations
United state with centralised administration
No economic recovery, weak
United state being under soviet control

Question 7

What were Britain’s thoughts towards Germany?

Answer 7

Scared of resurgence but supported it. Soviets and French wanted Ruhr control. Opposed that. Struggled to feed Ruhr, leading to concerns that working classes would be driven to communism.

Question 8

What were France’s thoughts about Germany?

Answer 8

Wanted permanent division into smaller sovereign states. Wanted Ruhr to be internationalised.

Question 9

What did ACC require?

Answer 9

Unanimous decisions

Question 10

Who was UK foreign minister?

Answer 10

Ernest Bevin

Question 11

What did USA initially want?

Answer 11

Recovery and free democracy.
Free elections in zone.

Question 12

Who was first military governor for USA?

Answer 12

Eisenhower

Question 13

Who replaced Eisenhower and when?

Answer 13

Clay, 1947

Question 14

Clay’s interference

Answer 14

Much more willing than Eisenhower
Opposed joint occupation of Ruhr, continuation of deprivation, and centralised Germany.

Question 15

What was the allies’ big mistake?

Answer 15

No strong agreements for access to Berlin

Question 16

In what years did France use veto and why?

Answer 16

1945 and 1946. To prevent unified economic policies, wanted weakness and division.

Question 17

West zones marshall aid

Answer 17

$1.4 billion
Started in 1948

Question 18

When did USA announce they weren’t delivering reparations any longer?

Answer 18

May 1946

Question 19

What condition did USA set out for delivery of reparations?

Answer 19

Germany needed a trade surplus first

Question 20

What was the British zone recieving huge numbers of?

Answer 20

Refugees from Germany now being kicked out of Poland and Czechoslovakia

Question 21

What was the issue with refugees?

Answer 21

British struggled to feed everyone

Question 22

When was Bizonia?

Answer 22

January 1947

Question 23

When did Council of Ministers meet in Moscow?

Answer 23

Spring of 1947

Question 24

What happened at Council of Ministers meeting in Moscow?

Answer 24

USSR pushed for central administration.
Bevin proposed reparations revision.
No agreements made.

Question 25

London minsters meeting

Answer 25

1948, USSR not invited - infuriated them

Question 26

When was the deicision to establish a western state made?

Answer 26

June 1948

Question 27

When was Deutschmark introduced in Western Zones?

Answer 27

20th June 1948

Question 28

When was Ostmark introduced in Soviet Zone?

Answer 28

23rd June 1948

Question 29

When did Berlin Blockade begin?

Answer 29

24th June 1948

Question 30

Fact about airlift

Answer 30

63% coal 28% food

Question 31

When was Berlin Blockade ended?

Answer 31

May 1949

Question 32

Did Berlin Blockade succeed?

Answer 32

No it failed. Showed Stalin West would not sit back as he gained power.

Question 33

When was FRG created?

Answer 33

23rd May 1949

Question 34

What does FRG stand for?

Answer 34

Federal Republic of Germany

Question 35

When was GDR created?

Answer 35

7th October 1949

Question 36

Stalin's hesitancy to create GDR?

Answer 36

Admitting united Germany would not be a thing.

Question 37

What did establishing GDR allow Stalin to do?

Answer 37

Make it a 1 party state in the constitution