germany part 2 Flashcards
only doing chap 4-5, add 6 later (68 cards)
1
Q
when did the wall street crash happen?
A
October 1929
2
Q
why did the Wall street crash impact Germany?
A
Americans didn’t have enough money to buy foreign items so factories were going bankrupt and shutting down. the USA also asked for the money it had loaned to Germany back, but Germany couldn’t pay
3
Q
why was extremism on the rise?
A
people were hungry and unemployed and were willing to listen to radical solutions from extremist parties (like the nazis and commies)
4
Q
how much did unemployment rise in germany from 1928 to 1932?
A
more than tripled (~1.5ish mill in 1928 compared to ~5.5million in 1932)
5
Q
how many votes did the Nazis have in 1932?
A
14 million (most popular party)
6
Q
how many votes did the nazis have in 1928?
A
800,000
7
Q
what were the five factors in the rise in popularity of the nazis?
A
- the depression
- Germans were unhappy with Weimar gov
- the appeal of Hitler
- fear of the rise of other extremists (communists)
- Nazi structure + methods + tactics
8
Q
why were germans upset with the Weimar gov?
A
- they argued a lot and did not get much done
- two different chancellors failed to make an impact (Muller + Bruning)
- Bruning wanted to take rich people’s land away and give it to the poor (but Hindenberg quickly withdrew his support on that)
9
Q
when was the communist revolution in Russia?
A
1917
10
Q
who was afraid of the communists?
A
- the upper and middle classes
- esp businessmen and landowners
- they didn’t want to lose their wealth and place in society
- religious people (commies didn’t believe in religious institutions)
11
Q
what did Hitler think of the communists?
A
he said he’d fight them and sent his stormtroopers to fight with communist gangs, so upper and middle class people supported him
12
Q
how did the SA grow between 1931 -1932?
A
1931: 100,000 men
1932: 400,000 men
13
Q
how did the nazis attempt to gain followers?
A
set up Nazi pary offices to gain support
14
Q
what tactic did the nazis use to gain support?
A
propaganda, speeches and parades, and rallies
15
Q
who was the chief nazi propagandist? (from 1928)
A
Joseph Goebbels
16
Q
what was started to gain followers in the younger generations?
A
the Hitler Youth Organisation
17
Q
what did the nazis appear to be after the depression?
A
the most organised and disciplined party
18
Q
how did the nazis use modern technology to seem ‘in touch’?
A
- Hitler travelled by aeroplane to 20 different cities in 7 days to make election speeches
- constant use of radio, which had only recently become popular
19
Q
who voted for the nazis?
A
- people in the countryside
- the middle class
- women
- young people
- upper class and rich factory owners
20
Q
why did people in the countryside support hitler?
A
- they had been hit hard by the depression because people weren’t buying as much food
- the weimar gov didn’t help them
- nazis promised higher wages for farmers
- nazis opposed the communists, who would’ve seized the land the farmers had in their families for generations
21
Q
why did women vote for the nazis?
A
- nazis supported good family morals and traditional values
- nazis feel that the young had been exposed to too much ‘filth’ and the promised to sort it out
22
Q
why did the middle class vote for the nazis?
A
- their wages had been cut
- they feared that law and order would break down or that there would be a communist uprising
- they wanted a strong gov and the weimar gov only seemed to argue between themselves, and the nazis seemed to show order and discipline in a time of chaos
23
Q
why did young people support hitler?
A
- he was an old soldier who knew the value of a powerful military
- he promised to make Germany strong again
- many young people wanted to be apart of germany’s bright future and get jobs in the armed forces
- they were won over by the sheer force of his beliefs
24
Q
why did the upper class vote for the nazis?
A
- they promised strong leadership and a more powerful nation
- Hitler promised to allow them to run their factories however they wanted
- his plans to make more weapons and ships and planes would bring them more money
- the nazis would fight communists
25
when was Hitler appointed chancellor?
30th of January, 1933
26
who became the chancellor after the sept 1930 elections?
Heinrich Bruning
27
was Bruning popular as chancellor
no, he lowered unemployment pat and raised taxes
28
how big was the nazi party in 1930?
it was the second largest party in the Reichstag
29
what were the results of the the sept 1930 elections (top 4 parties)?
Social democratic - 143
nazis - 107
communists - 77
centre party - 68
30
why did some claim that democracy had failed?
the president (Hindenberg) was making laws using the emergency decree
31
what did some people think proved the failure of the weimar gov?
they parties fought with eachother which created violence and chaos on the streets
32
when did Bruning resign?
1932
33
who did Hindenberg appoint as chancellor after Bruning?
Franz von Papen (another centre party politician) - but he didn't have much support either so he called an election
34
what were the results of the july 1932 elections? (top four parties)
nazis - 230
social democrats - 133
centre party - 97
communists - 89
35
who was appointed as chancellor in 1932 after the elections?
hitler demanded to be appointed but Hindenberg gave the job to von Papen again (who called another election in nov 1932, and then resigned again)
36
who became chancellor after von Papen's second resignation?
Hindenberg's friend - Kurt von Schleicher, who again had no support so he resigned as well
37
why did hindenberg end up appointing Hitler?
he had ran out of others to appoint, and though that by making von Papen vice chancellor and restricting the number of nazis allowed in the cabinet to two, it would limit his power
38
when did Hitler arrange a new election?
5th March 1933
39
how did Hitler's power/influence change when he became chancellor?
he had a greater influence over many newspapers and radio stations, and controlled the police which he could use to intimidate voters and beat up opponents
40
when did the reichstag burn down?
27th February 1933 (a week before election day)
41
who was blamed for the reichstag fire?
Marinus Van der Lubbe, a young commie, but evidence was unclear
42
what did Hitler say the reichstag fire was?
a communist plot to take over the country
43
when did Hitler ask Hindenberg to pass the 'protection law'?
28th February 1933
44
what would the protection law give Hitler the power to do?
it would give him the power to 'deal with germany's problems'
45
why did Hindenburg agree to give Hitler the protection law?
because of the Reichstag fire and the appearance of a commie plot
46
what did the new decree for the 'Protection of the People and State' do?
banned leading commies from taking part in the election campaign
47
how many commies were thrown into prison after the new decree was passed?
4000
48
what happened to the communist newspapers after the decree was passed?
they were all shut down
49
how did the Nazis do in the elections on the 5th of March 1933?
they got more votes than ever before because of the way Hitler handled the communists but they still didn't get the majority that Hitler wanted
50
how did Hitler get the majority in the Reichstag?
Hitler had stirred up enough fear of the communists that politicians in the centre party joined the nazis
51
when was the enabling act passed?
23rd March 1933
52
what did the enabling act allow Hitler to do?
make laws without asking the rest of the politicians in the Reichstag if they agreed
53
how did hitler use his new powers from the enabling act?
- nazis were put in charge of all local gov
- gestapo was formed
- first concentration camp opened for political prisoners in Dachau, southern germany
54
when were trade unions banned by Hitler?
2nd May 1933
55
what did hitler do to the leaders of trade unions?
he threw them in jail
56
when did hindenburg die?
2nd August 1933
57
what did Hitler do after Hindenburg died?
- he immediately took over the president's job as well as remaining chancellor
- made the army swear an oath of loyalty to him
58
when did Hitler ban all parties other than nazis?
14th July 1933
59
what did the 'Law against the Formation of New Parties' do?
stated that anyone trying to set up or run another party would go to prison for three years
60
when was the 'Law against the Formation of New Parties' passed?
14th July 1933
61
who was the leader of the sa?
Ernst Rohm
62
how many members of the SA were there in around 1934?
400,000
63
what did Ernst Rohm want to do?
merge the 400,000 SA stormtroopers with the 100,000 men in the german army and take charge
64
why was Hitler unhappy with Rohm wanting to merge the SA with the army?
- would give Rohm a lot of power
- would upset army leaders and he needed their support in future
- there were rumours that Rohm wanted to seize power ad take over from Hitler
65
when was the night of the long knives?
30th June 1934
66
what was the impact of the night of the long knives?
- many people close to Hitler who he saw as a threat were now dead
- the SS emerged as the group responsible for Hitler's security and grew in importance
- the SA was not abolished but was never again a major force in Germany
- Hitler was very open about what had happened so he had gotten away with murder
- Hitler had now established murder as a part of what the nazi gov did
67
who was the leader of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler
68
what happened during the night of the long knives?
- the SS stormed a hotel, armed with machine guns
- many important members of the SA were staying at the hotel
- Rohm and others were arrested and later shot dead
- over the next few days around 400 were executed in this way (including Kurt von Schleicher)
