Germany Topic 3 Flashcards
(17 cards)
1
Q
Causes of the Munich Putsch
A
- Anger at the Weimar Republic
- Situation in Bavaria
- Nazi Strengths
2
Q
Nazi Strengths
Causes of the Munich Putsch
A
- 20k supporters and SA
- H, close relationship with Lundendorff (former army leader)
- H believed L could persuade army to supports Nazis against WG
3
Q
Situation in Bavaria
Causes of the Munich Putsch
A
- Leaders of Bavarian State Gov. were hostile to WG; von Kahr was ultra-conservative
- Bavarian army sympathetic to extreme-right wing cause
- Bavarian government refused orders from Berlin to suppress Völkischer Beobachter
4
Q
Anger at the Weimar Republic
Causes of the Munich Putsch
A
- Anger about T of V (explain)
- Trigger: Hyperinflation and invasion of Ruhr 1923. Ending of passive resistance in Sept 1923 angered nationalists.
5
Q
Events of the Munich Putsch
A
- 8-9th Nov 1923
- Took control of local Beerhall (where Lossow and von Kahr were in meeting); attempted to convert them to Nazi cause
- L allowed Bavarian leaders to leave
- 9th Nov 1923 Ebert declared National State of Emergency
- Gen. Seekt ordered Lossow to crush revolt
- 2k armed Nazis marched on Munich but Bavrian leaders had organised police and Bavarian army
- 14 Nazis killed, H and L arrested
6
Q
Effects of Munich Putsch
A
- H & L tried for treason
- L aquitted bc hes a war hero
- Huge publicity
- H seen as standing up for the rights of the German people
- Sympathetic judges allowed H to make a speech and gave him minimum sentence of 5 years in Landsberg Jail (only served 9 months)
- Wrote Mein Kampf in jail
7
Q
Changes to the Nazi Party 1920-23
A
- H in charge of propaganda
- H made >30 speeches in 1920 promoting Party
- 25 Point Programme
- Völkischer Beobachter to spread Nazi views
- 1921 SA set up, Ernst Rohm leader; paramilitary force
8
Q
Party Restructuring 1924-28
A
- 1926 Bamberg Conf. - adoption of new 25 Point Programme
- G divided in 35 districts with a Gauletier in charge of increasing support
- 1926 HY set up
- SA restructured and given more training
- 1929 100k members
9
Q
Failure of Brüning
A
- ‘Hunger Chancellor’
- Abused Article 48
- Unpopular economic policies; raised taxes and cut public sector pay
- May 1932 sacked due to lack of support
10
Q
Failure of von Papen
A
- H refused to work with vP’s weak replacement government
- H claimed he should be chancellor bc he’s head of biggest party
- Sept 1932 vote of no-confidence
- Promptly replaced by Schleicher
11
Q
Failure of von Schleicher
A
- Tried but failed to split Nazis by appealing to socialist side under Gregor Strasser
- Plan to suspend constitution leaked to press
- Lost support of Reichstag after
12
Q
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
A
30th January 1933
13
Q
Effects of the Great Depression on Germany
Economic
A
- Americans loans supporting economy since 1924 ceased in 1929
- American financiers called in outstanding loans
- Economy couldn’t withstand such cash and capital withdrawals
- 1931 run on banks, many collapsed
- Massive downturn in exports
- 1932 German production fell to 58% of 1928 level
14
Q
Effects of the Great Depression on Germany
Social
A
- 1929 unemployment at 1.5m
- 1933 unemployment at 6m (26%)
- Medieval diseases like TB and pneumonia reappeared
- Infant mortality rate increased
- 40% of factory workers unemployed
- 50% of 16-30 year olds unemployed
15
Q
A
16
Q
Effects of the Great Depression on Nazis
Political
A
- Germans became increasingly attracted to Nazi promises of jobs.
- 1928 12 seats (2.6%)
- July 1932 230 seats (37.4%)
- 1932 presidential elections, H got 36% of votes
17
Q
Role of SA
How did it help Hitler become Chancellor?
A
- 1932 400k members stronger private army than rivals
- disrupted/interrupted meetings of opponents
- Used violence in 1930 and ‘32 to threaten opposition and intimidate voters
