Gettier

Question 1

In his 1963 paper, Edmund Gettier was trying to show that

Answer 1

it is possible to have a justified true belief that p without having knowledge that p.

Question 2

What was Gettier against?

Answer 2

The dominant analysis of knowledge

Question 3

What is the Justified True Belief (JTB) Analysis of knowledge?

Answer 3

S knows P IF AND ONLY IF

Question 4

S knows P IF AND ONLY IF

Answer 4

P is TRUE
S BELIEVES P
S is JUSTIFIED

Question 5

What possible difference does Gettier suggest in justification is not equal to knowing?

Answer 5

You could be justified in believing something that turns out to be false.

Question 6

When can you be justified in believing something that turns out to be false?

Answer 6

Lots of misleading evidence that looks like the right thing to believe

Example: Caveman saying the earth looks flat

Question 7

If a justified belief turns out to be true then what does the JTB theorist have to say?

Answer 7

you have knowledge

Question 8

The Gettier Problem

Answer 8

What needs to be added to true belief to get knowledge?

Question 9

Did Gettier think the JTB analysis was correct?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

In the example of a stopped clock when it happens to read the time correctly, is this a justified true belief and is their knowledge?

Answer 10

Has a justified true belief without knowledge

Question 11

What did the characters in Gettier’s cases have in common?

Answer 11

They ended up believing something true, but relied on a false belief to get to the truth

Question 12

What condition does Clark ultimately add to the three (JTB) conditions of the classical analysis of knowledge

Answer 12

S’s belief that p is fully grounded.