GFR & RBF

Question 1

step 1 in forming urine: blood arrives in ____ via ____ artery; ____ arteries are used for filtration

Answer 1

kidney
renal artery
interlobar arteries

Question 2

step 2 in forming urine: blood is delivered to _____ via ______ arteriole

Answer 2

renal corpuscle

afferent arteriole

Question 3

renal corpuscle = ____ + ____

Answer 3

glomerulus + bowman’s capsule

Question 4

step 3 in forming urine: ____, ____, ___ & _____ are all filtered out; ____ & ____ DO NOT FILTER OUT

Answer 4

electrolytes
nutrients
waste products
water
RBC & plasma proteins

Question 5

filtration works because of the pressure differentials btwn fluid in _____ and _____

Answer 5

glomerulus

bowman’s capsule

Question 6

some things filter out of GFR/ RBF and others do not because of:

Answer 6

pore size

Question 7

3 layers of glomerular capillary membrane

Answer 7

endothelium
basement membrane
epithelial cell layer

Question 8

layer of glomerular capillary membrane that contains several thousand small holes (fenestrae); relatively large and NEGATIVELY charged

Answer 8

endothelium

Question 9

layer of glomerular capillary membrane that is a meshwork of proteoglycan fibrillar and collagen (that allows for flow of lots of water and small solutes to pass)

Answer 9

basement membrane

Question 10

layer of glomerular capillary membrane that is NOT a continuous layer, podocytes line outer surface of glomerulus; contains SLIT PORES

Answer 10

epithelium

Question 11

long foot-like projections that encircle capillaries

Answer 11

slit pores

Question 12

body manages changes in pressure in glomerulus and bowman’s capsule with the ______ & ____ arterioles that control ______ muscle

Answer 12

afferent & efferent arterioles

smooth muscle

Question 13

the volume ofblood plasmadelivered to the kidneys per unit time, usually expressed in ml/min

Answer 13

RPF (Renal Plasma Flow)

Question 14

the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into therenal tubules

Answer 14

FF (Filtration Fraction)

Question 15

typical FF is ___ %
typical RPF is ____ mL/min
therefore, typical GFR is ____ mL/min

Answer 15

20%
550 mL/min
110 mL/min

Question 16

How can the body increase GFR

Answer 16

By altering Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
Increase overall cardiac output
Dilate afferent arterioles in the Kidney
By altering the Filtration Fraction (FF)
Contract efferent arteriole, increasing glomerular pressure

Question 17

capillary filtration coefficient is determined with ___ & ___ of capillary

Answer 17

permeability

surface area

Question 18

For GFR, Net filtration pressure =

Answer 18

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure - Bowman’s capsule pressure - Glomerular oncotic pressure (plasma proteins) + Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure (proteins in bowman’s capsule)

Question 19

Forces that favor filtration (mm Hg) include:

Answer 19

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (60mmHg)

Bowman’s capsule colloid osmotic pressure(0mmHg)

Question 20

Typical Net filtration pressure=

Answer 20

10 mmHg

60-18-32+0

Question 21

decrease in Kf (capillary filtration rate) –> ____ in GFR

Answer 21

decrease in GFR

Question 22

INCREASE in pressure of bowman’s capsule –> _____ GFR

Answer 22

decrease in GFR

Question 23

INCREASE Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure –> ____ GFR

Answer 23

decrease in GFR

Question 24

DECREASE Glomerular hydrostatic pressure –> ____ GFR

Answer 24

decrease in GFR

Question 25

INCREASE arterial pressure --> ____ GFR

Answer 25

increase GFR

Question 26

strong sympathetic activation --> ____ GFR

Answer 26

DECREASE

Question 27

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine ______afferent and efferent arterioles --> ____GFR

Answer 27

constrict | decrease

Question 28

_____ is released by damaged vascular endothelial cells of the kidney & other tissues and causes ____ & ____ GFR

Answer 28

endothelin vasoconstriction decrease

Question 29

angiotension II is a powerful _____ and ____ GFR; endothelial-derived nitric oxide maintains ____

Answer 29

vasoconstrictor maintains GFR vasoDILATION (of kidneys)

Question 30

prostaglandins and bradykinin are ______ and ____ renal blood flow and GFR

Answer 30

vasoDILATORS | increase

Question 31

The ability of the individual blood vessels in the body to resist stretching during increased arterial pressure

Answer 31

myogenic mechanism

Question 32

For some solutes, | excretion rate = filtration rate - reabsorption rate, means:

Answer 32

Excretion rate is less than filtration rate of a substance (under normal conditions) Example: Many electrolytes

Question 33

If excretion rate = 0, then, ___ excretion in the urine, all of the substance is reabsorbed from the tubules into the blood

Answer 33

NO

Question 34

For some solutes, | Excretion rate= filtration rate + secretion rate, means:

Answer 34

Allows for rapid clearing of the substance from the system Excretion in large amounts in the urine (under normal conditions) Examples: Organic acids & bases, foreign substances and drugs