GI Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
DRUGS FOR PUD (IM)
A
- REDUCE INTRAGASTIC ACIDITY
- PROMOTE MUCOSAL DEFENSE
2
Q
Drugs that reduce intragastic activity
A
ANTACIDS
H-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
3
Q
drugs that promote mucosal defense (PSB)
A
Prostaglandin Analogs
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compunsa
4
Q
DRUGS FOR GERD
A
- REDUCE ACIDITY OF REFLUXATE
- PROMOTE MUCOSAL DEFENSE
- PROMOTE MOTILITY
- ALGINATE
5
Q
DRUGS FOR ANTACIDS (SCM&A)
A
Sodium Bicarbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Magnesium Hydroxide
Aluminum Hydroxide
6
Q
MOA OF ANTACIDS
A
reduce intragastic acidity and pepsin activity
7
Q
chelation of antacids (TF)
A
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones
8
Q
Antacids decrease in pther drugs solubility
A
Itracanazole
Iron
9
Q
baking soda, Alka seltzer
A
SB
10
Q
Tums, Os-Cal
A
CB
11
Q
Gelusil, Maalox, Mylanta, Kremil-S
A
Magnesium Hydroxide, Aluminum Hydroxide
12
Q
H2-Receptor Antagonist Drugs
A
Cimetidine (least potent)
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine (most potent)
13
Q
MOA OF H2-Receptor Antagonist
A
Competitive inhibition of the parietal cell H2 receptor
14
Q
DRUGS OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR (-suffix: prazole)
A
OMEPRAZOLE
ESOMEPRAZOLE
LANSOPRAZOLE
DEXLANSOPRAZOLE
PANTOPRAZOLE
RABEPRAZOLE
15
Q
benzimidazoles that resemble H2 antagonist
A
PPI
16
Q
PPI RACEMIC MIXTURE
A
Ome
Lanso
17
Q
MOA OF PPI
A
Reactive thiophilic sulfenamidr cation forms a covalent disulfide bond w/ and irreversibly inactivates H+/K+-ATPase, the final common pathway of acid secretion
18
Q
DRUGS THAT PROMOTE MUCOSAL DEFENSE (SPB)
A
SUCRALFATE
PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS
19
Q
DOC FOR PPI
A
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
20
Q
Drugs that promote motility (kinetics) CD5M
A
Cholinomimetics
D2 Antagonists
5-HT4 Agonist
Macrolides
21
Q
MOA OF CHOLINEMIMETIC
A
stimulates M3 receptor on muscle cells and at myenteric plexus synapses
22
Q
Drugs of cholinomimetic
A
Bethanechol
23
Q
drugs of D2 antagonist
A
Metoclopramide
Domperidone
24
Q
MOA OF D2 ANTAGONIST
A
Blocks D2 receptors, blocks inhibition of cholinergic transmission
25
MOA SULFATE
forms a viscous, tenacious paste in water or acidic solution. binds to ulcers or erosions for 6hr
26
sucralfate use
precents stress related bleeding
27
drug of prosglandin analog
Misoprostol (cytotec)
28
MOA Prostaglandin Analog: Misoprostol (Cytotec)
acid inhibitory and mucosal protection
29
prostaglandin analog use and illicit use
NSAID-induced ulcers
Abortifacient
30
Bismuth compound drugs
Bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth Subcitrate potassium
31
Moa bismuth compounds
coats ulcers and erosions agains acid and pepsin, antimicrobial
32
bismuth use
treatment of dyspepsia and acute diarrhea
33
DRUGS THAT PROMOTE MOTILITY (PROKINETICS)
Cholinomimetics
D2 antagonist
5-HT4 Agonisys
Macrolides
34
drugs of cholinomimetics
bethanechol
35
MOA of Cholinomimetic
stimulates M3 receptors on muscle cells and at myenterix plexus synapses
36
USES of cholinomimetic
GERD and Gastroparesis
37
DRUGS OF D2 ANTAGONIST (MD)
Metoclopramide (BBB)
Domperidone (does not cross BBB)
38
MOA of D2 Antagonist
blocks D2 receptors - increases motility
39
use of d2 antagonist
gerd exceot erosive esophagitis
40
5-HT4 Agonist Drugs
Cisapride
41
MOA 5-HT4 Agonist
agonist of 5HT-4 stimulates adenylyl cyclase and smooth muscle
42
MOA OF MACROLIDES
stimulate motilin receptors and promote onset of MMC (migrating motor complex)
43
MOA of alginate
precipitates as a gel in acid
44
drugs for constipation
Laxatives
Secretory Agents
Opiod Antagonist
Prokinetics
45
evacuation of formed fecal
laxation
46
unformed water fecal
catharsis
47
TYPES OF LAXATIVES
Stimulant
Bulk-forkig
Osmotic
Emollient
48
MOA OF STIMULANT LAXATIVES
low-grade inflammation is GI SMOOTH MUSCLE
49
STIMULANT LAXATIVES TYPES
Diphenylmethane
Anthraquinone (Senna and Cascara Sagrada)
Castor Oil (not rec. unpleasant taste and toxic)
50
drugs of diphenylmethan (stimulant lax.)
BISACODYL
SODIUM PICOSULFATE
51
Adverse effect of bisacodyl
atonic nonfunctioning colon >10 days
52
hydrolyzed by colonic bacteria to active form
Sodium Picosulfate
53
Bulk-forming laxatives types
Natural Plant Products (Psyllium and Methylcellulose
Synthetic (Polycarbophil)
54
MOA OSMOTIC LAXATIVES
soluble bot nonabsorbable compound due to increase in FECAL LIQUID
55
OSMOTIC LAXATIVES TYPE
Polyethylene Glycol
Saline Laxatives (Magnesium salts and Phosphate salts)
Nondigestible Sugar or Alcohol (Lactulose, Mannitol, and Sorbitol)
56
Drug of choice for colonocospy
Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution
57
MOA of Magnesium Salts
stimulate the release of CCK
58
absorbed and required higher doses than magnesium salts
sodium phosphates
59
adverse effect of sodium phosphate
acute phosphate nephropathy (nephrocalcinosis)
60
Moa of Lactulose
hydrolyzed by colonic bacteria into short chain fatty acids
61
MOA OF SORBITOL AND MANNITOL
hydrolized in the colon to short chain fatty acids
62
MOA OF EMOLLIENT LAXATIVES
Surface active agents taht become emulsified with the stool for softer feces
63
Emollient laxatives types
Docusate (Oral, Enema)
Glycerin Suppository
Mineral Oil
64
MOA OF DOCUSATE SALTS
Anionic surfactants that stimulates intestinal fluod and electrolyte secretion
65
a clear, viscous oil that lubricates fecal material l, retarding water absorption from stool
Mineral oil
66
use of mineral oil
fecal impaction
67
Laxative effect and latency of
- Softening of feces
- Soft or semifluid stool
- Water evacuation
- 1-3 days (Bulk-forming/Surfactant)
- 6-8 hrs (Stimulant, Anthraquinone)
- 1-3 hrs (Osmotic, Castor oil)
68
Secretory Agents Drugs (LLPT)
Lubiprostone
Linaclotide,Plecanatide
Tenapanor
69
MOA of Lubiprostone
prostanoid activator of Cl− channels by binding to a PGE2 receptor
70
Use of secretory agent drugs? (LLPT)
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominant constipation
71
MOA of LINACLOTIDE, PLECANATIDE
stimulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance
regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels by activating guanylate cyclase-C
72
MOA of TENAPANOR
inhibition of isoform 3 of the Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE)
73
Opiod Antagonist Drugs (do not cross BBB)
▪Methylnaltrexone Bromide (opiod-induced constipation)
Alvimopan (postoperative ileus)
74
MOA of Methylnaltrexone Bromide, Alvimopan
inhibition of peripheral μ-receptor
75
Prokinetics drugs or SErotonic agonist drugs (TP)
Tegaserod
Prucolapride
76
77
MOA OF Tegaserod (withdrawn)
partial agonist of 5HT4 receptor
78
MOA of Prucolapride
agonist of 5HT4 receptor
79
treatment of diarrhea (more than 3 loose stools)
ORS
80
DOC of Traveler's diarrhea
fluoroquinolones
Alt: mycin drugs
81
Drugs for Diarrhea (OBOBZP)
Opiod Agonist
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Octreotide
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Zinc
Probiotics
82
Co-formulated with atorpine (Lomotil) to prevent abuse
DIPHENOXYLATE
82
Opiod agonist drugs (diarrhea)
Diphenoxylate (cross BBB)
Loperamide (does not) (more effective)
83
MOA OF OPIOD AGONIST DIARRHEA
agonists of peripheral μ-receptors and δ-receptors
84
85
86
Analog of somatostatin (14-amino acid peptide)
Octreotide
87
uses of octreotide
Intestinal dysmotility
Diarrhea (tumor)
88
Bile acid sequestrant drugs
Cholestyramine,
Colestipol,
Colesevelam
89
use of bile acid sequestrants
decrease diarrhea caused by unabsorbed bile
acids
90
MOA of Zinc
promotes ion absorption – inhibits 3/4 main intracellular pathways
91
Bacteria used in Probiotics
Saccharomyces boulardii (C. difficile diarrhea)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (childhood rotavirus diarrhea)
92
Anti Emetics Types of Targets (5GNHMCC)
5-HT3 Antagonist
Glucocorticoids
NK1 Antagonist
H1 Antagonist
Muscarinic Antagonist
Cannabinoid Antagonist
Central D2 Antagonist
93
5-HT3 Antagonist Drugs (Emetics)
Suffix- setron
94
MOA of Setron Drugs (5-HT 3 Antagonist)
peripheral 5-HT3 receptor blockade on extrinsic intestinal vagal and spinal afferent nerves
95
Uses of 5-HT3 Antagonist
N/V - posoperati ve, chemotherapy induced, irradiation
96
97
Glucocorticoids drugs
Dexamethasone
Methylprednisolone
98
use of glucocorticoodes
adjuncts to 5-HT3
antagonists for acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced N/V
99
NK1 Antagonist Drugs (Suffix -pitant)
Aprepitant, Netupitant, Rolatipant (PO)
Fosaprepitant (IV)
100
MOA OF NK1 Antagonist
Highly selective antagonist cross BBB and occupy area postream NK1 receptors
101
# NK
H1 Antagonist Drugs (DDMC)
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Meclizine
Cyclizine
102
MOA of H1 Antagonist (DDMC)
act on vestibular afferents and within the ** brainstem** (motion sickenss)
103
Muscarinic Antagonist Drugs
Hyoscine (Scopolamine) **best agent for motion sickness**
104
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist drugs
Dronabinol (Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/THC)
Nabilone (THC analog)
105
MOA of Cannabinoid receptor agonist
stimulation of the CB1 subtype of cannabinoid receptors in and around the CTZ and emetic center
106
uses of CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS
chemotherapy-induced N/V
Appetite simulation
107
D2 antagonist (emetics)
D2 receptor antagonism at the CTZ, reducing excitatory neurotransmitter
release
108
D2 antagonist (emetics) Drugs (PBTB)
Phenothiazines (suffix - azine)
Butyrophenones
Thienobenzodiazepines
Benzamides
109
Butyrophenone drug
Droperidol (PONV)
110
Thienobenzodiazepine drugs
Olanzapine (2nd generation) (chemotherapy-induced delayed N/V)
111
MOA of Olanzapine
inhibition of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1c and 5-HT3
receptors
112
Benzamides Drugs
Metoclopramide (delayed emesis)
Trimethobenzamide
Amisulpride (PONV(
113
Benzodiazepines drugs
Lorazepan
Diazepam (used before chemotherapy in vomiting)
114
Drugs for IBD (AGIAA)
Amoinosalicylates
Glucocorticoids
Immunosuprresive Antimetabolites
Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Anti-integrin
115
Moa of Aminosalicylates
inhibition of PG and LT synthesis and interference w/ the production of inflammatory cytokines
116
use of aminosalicylates
first-line for mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis
117
Glucocorticoids formulations
Prenisone, Prednisolone (common)
Hydrocortisone (EFS)
Budenoside (analog of Prednisolone)
118
use of glucocorticoids
moderate to severe active IBD
119
Immunosupressive metabolites (PM)
Purine Analogs (Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine) ( ulcerative colitis and chron's disease)
Methotrexate ( chron's disease
120
Anti-TNF drugs (suffix - mab)
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Golimumab (does not treat chron's)
Certolizumab (does not treat ulcerative)
121
Anti-Integrin Drugs (VN)
Vedolizumab (second-line treatment for IBD unresponsive to anti-TNF)
Natalizumab (severe refractory Crohn’s disease)
122
A/E Natalizumab
PML (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
123
Drugs for IBS
Anticholinergics (Dicyclomine, Hyoscyamibe)
Eluxadoline (IBS-D)
Alosetron (IBS-D)
Lubiprostone - IBS-C
Linaclotide - IBS-C
124
Drugs for Gallstones (Bile Acid Agents)
Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodiol)
Obeticholic Acid
125
MOA of URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
▪ ↓ cholesterol content of bile by reducing hepatic cholesterol secretion,
↓ biliary lipid secretion → ↓ lithogenicity
126
USE of URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID
first-line agent used for early primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
127
MOA of Obeticholic acid
ligand for nuclear farnesoid X receptor (like chenodeoxycholate) –
modulates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, gluconeogenesis, lipid synthesis, and
insulin sensitivity
128
