Respiratory

Question 1

reversible narrowing of the bronchial airways

Answer 1

asthma (eosinophilic inflammation)

Question 2

Chronic progressive obstruction disease, cannot be fully reversible

Answer 2

COPD

Question 3

risk factor of COPD

Answer 3

Smoking

Question 4

Drugs for COPD

Answer 4

Bronchodilators (airway narrowing B2 agonist less effective)
Corticosteroids (less effective)

Question 5

Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis (hay fever) (AI)

Answer 5

Antihistamines (inh histamine)
Intranasal Corticosteroids (must be inhaled)

Question 6

Intranasal Antihistamine Drugs (second-line drugs)

Answer 6

Olopatadine
Azelastine

Question 7

Intranasal Corticosteroids Drugs (BBFCMT) (first-line and most effective)

Answer 7

Beclomethasone
Budenoside
Fluticasone
Ciclesonide
Mometasone
Triamcinolone

Question 8

Nasal Decongestants Drugs

Answer 8

(MOA: a1 agonist - vasoconstriction)
Phenylephirne (most common)
Phenylpropanolamine (withdrawn - weightloss, metamphetamine)
Pseudoephedrine (less popular)

Question 9

suffix - metazoline are usually?

Answer 9

intranasal
oxymetazoline (>3 days will lead to rhinitis medicamentosa)

Question 10

Drugs for Cough (symptom) (AME)

Answer 10

Antitussives (dry coughs - nonproductive)
Mucolytics (productive coughs, has phlegm)
Expectorants (productive coughs, has phlegm)

Question 11

Centrally-Acting Antitussives: OPIODS Drugs

Answer 11

MOA: Decrease senstivity of Cough centers
Codeine (lower dose)
Dextrometorphan (most used)

Question 12

Peripherally-acting antitussives drugs (Local anesthetic)

Answer 12

MOA: Anesthetizes the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura
Benzonatate

Question 13

Mucolytics Drugs (suffix - cysteine)

Answer 13

N-acetylcysteine (popular)
Carbocysteine (popular)
Methylcysteine
Erdosteine
Bromhexine (popular)

Question 14

MOA of Mucolytics

Answer 14

derivatives of cysteine that reduuce disulfide bridges that bind glycoproteins to other proteins, thus reduce viscosity of sputum

Question 15

Drugs for Asthma

Answer 15

Bronchodilators (BMM)
Anti-inflammatory agents (CLMM)

Question 16

Bronchodilators Types (BMM)

Answer 16

Beta-2 Agonist (EEIS)
Methylxanthines
Muscarinic Antagonist

Question 17

Beta-2 Agonist Drugs

Answer 17

Epinephrine (bronchospasm of anaphylaxis) 15 min
Ephedrine (less used)
Isoproterenol 5 min
Selective Beta-2 agonist (bronchoconstriction)

Question 18

<4 hrs SABA Drugs (Reliefs acute asthma) (ATMP)

Answer 18

Albuterol
Terbutaline (tocolysis)
Metaproterenol
Purbuterol

Question 19

> 12 hrs LABA (controls prophylaxis w/ ICS) (SF)

Answer 19

Salmeterol
Formoterol

Question 20

> 24 hrs ULABA Drugs (Controls prophylaxis w/ ICS) (IBOV)

Answer 20

Indacaterol
Bambuterol
Olodaterol
Vilanterol

Question 21

MOA of Methylxanthines

Answer 21

inhibition several PDEs at high doses
inhibition of adenosine receptors (bronchodilation)
enhancement of histone deacetylation at low doses (no inflam)

Question 22

most commonly used methylxanthine

Answer 22

Slow-Release Theophylline

Question 23

Muscarinic Antagonist Drugs (ITAU)

Answer 23

Ipratropium Bromide (quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine) (short-acting)
Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Umeclidinium (longer-acting analogs) (long-acting)

Question 24

MOA of Muscarinic Antagonist

Answer 24

competitive inhibition of M3 receptors

Question 25

Anti-inflammatory agents Types

Answer 25

Corticosteroids Leukotriene Inh Mast Cell Stabilizers Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 26

Corticosteroids MOA

Answer 26

reduce synthesis of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 →reduce leukotriene production

Question 27

Inhaled Corcosteroids Drugs (first-line maintenance therapy for control of moderate to severe asthma)

Answer 27

Beclomethasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Mometasone Triamcinolone

Question 28

Oral and IV Coritcosteroid

Answer 28

Prednisone (PO) (A/E - Oropharyngeal candidiasis) Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone (IV) (status asthmaticus) (A/E - Adrenal supression)

Question 29

Leukotriene Inhbitor Drugs

Answer 29

Suffix - Lukast

Question 30

MOA of LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Answer 30

antagonists at the LTD4 (also LTE4) receptor

Question 31

MOA of LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITOR

Answer 31

selectively inhibits 5-lipoxygenase

Question 32

MOA of MAST CELL STABILIZERS

Answer 32

inhibit mast cell degranulation (inhibit antigen- and exercise-induced bronchospasm)

Question 33

use of MAST CELL STABILIZERS (suffix - mab drugs)

Answer 33

Cromolyn: allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ophthalmic), systemic mastocytosis (PO)