GI 2

Question 1

Where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 1

Under the liver, in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).

Question 2

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

Answer 2

To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.

Question 3

What does bile do in digestion?

Answer 3

Bile helps emulsify and break down fats in the small intestine.

Question 4

What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

Answer 4

The cystic duct.

Question 5

What is the role of the common bile duct?

Answer 5

It carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

Question 6

What is cholelithiasis?

Answer 6

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.

Question 7

Which condition is characterized by stones in the common bile duct?

Answer 7

Choledocholithiasis.

Question 8

What is a classic symptom of cholelithiasis?

Answer 8

RUQ pain, often after fatty meals (biliary colic).

Question 9

What is cholecystitis?

Answer 9

Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually due to gallstones.

Question 10

What is Murphy’s sign?

Answer 10

Pain upon palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicating cholecystitis.

Question 11

What is cholangitis?

Answer 11

Infection of the bile ducts, often from a blocked duct.

Question 12

What are the symptoms in Charcot’s Triad?

Answer 12

Fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice (for cholangitis).

Question 13

What is Reynold’s Pentad?

Answer 13

Charcot’s Triad plus hypotension and altered mental status.

Question 14

What is a cholecystectomy?

Answer 14

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Question 15

What happens to digestion after gallbladder removal?

Answer 15

Bile drips continuously into the intestine, possibly causing fatty food intolerance.

Question 16

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 16

It has exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) roles.

Question 17

What do pancreatic exocrine cells secrete?

Answer 17

Digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases.

Question 18

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Answer 18

Production of insulin and glucagon from islets of Langerhans.

Question 19

What is acute pancreatitis?

Answer 19

Sudden inflammation of the pancreas due to enzymes digesting the organ itself.

Question 20

What are common causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 20

Gallstones and alcohol use.

Question 21

What are Cullen’s and Grey-Turner’s signs?

Answer 21

Bruising around the umbilicus and flanks, indicating internal bleeding in pancreatitis.

Question 22

What lab tests are elevated in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 22

Serum amylase and lipase.

Question 23

What is chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 23

Long-term inflammation causing irreversible pancreatic damage.

Question 24

What symptoms suggest chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 24

Persistent pain, malabsorption, weight loss, and steatorrhea.

Question 25

What major complication can chronic pancreatitis lead to?

Answer 25

Diabetes mellitus due to loss of insulin production.

Question 26

What’s the difference between acute and chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 26

Acute is reversible and sudden; chronic is gradual and permanent.

Question 27

What is steatorrhea?

Answer 27

Fatty, greasy stools due to malabsorption (common in chronic pancreatitis).

Question 28

What are the 4 F’s risk factors for gallstones?

Answer 28

Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile.

Question 29

Why can gallstones cause pancreatitis?

Answer 29

They may block the shared duct between gallbladder and pancreas.

Question 30

Which duct do bile and pancreatic enzymes share before the duodenum?

Answer 30

The common bile duct and pancreatic duct join at the ampulla of Vater.

Question 31

What organ releases bile into the small intestine?

Answer 31

Gallbladder (via common bile duct).

Question 32

What is the ampulla of Vater?

Answer 32

The site where bile and pancreatic secretions enter the duodenum.

Question 33

What kind of pain does pancreatitis cause?

Answer 33

Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back.

Question 34

Is cholecystitis a surgical emergency?

Answer 34

It can be if infection or complications arise.

Question 35

What is the definitive treatment for chronic gallbladder disease?

Answer 35

Cholecystectomy (surgical removal).

Question 36

What kind of meals worsen gallbladder symptoms?

Answer 36

High-fat meals.

Question 37

What hormone triggers gallbladder contraction?

Answer 37

Cholecystokinin (CCK).

Question 38

What pancreatic enzyme digests fats?

Answer 38

Lipase.

Question 39

What pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates?

Answer 39

Amylase.

Question 40

What is the role of proteases like trypsin?

Answer 40

To break down proteins in the small intestine.

Question 41

What is biliary colic?

Answer 41

Intermittent RUQ pain due to gallbladder contraction against an obstructed duct.

Question 42

How does alcohol contribute to pancreatitis?

Answer 42

It triggers enzyme activation inside the pancreas, leading to self-digestion.

Question 43

What is the most reliable lab indicator of pancreatitis?

Answer 43

Serum lipase (more specific than amylase).

Question 44

What does the pancreas do for digestion?

Answer 44

Secretes enzymes to digest fats, proteins, and carbs.