GI

Question 1

The digestive tract is the ________ _____ of the body.

Answer 1

Disassembly line

Question 2

The 4 stages of digestion are what?

There is a ‘5th’ stage

Answer 2

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

(Secretion falls between absorption and elimination)

Question 3

We ingest 1.5 pounds of ______ and 2.4 pounds of ______ each day

Answer 3

Solids

Liquids

Question 4

We secrete 14+ lbs of _____ into our digestive tract to help it function.

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 5

The mouth

Question 6

Digestion is both ______ and ________.

Answer 6

Chemical

Mechanical

Question 7

What is the only molecule broken down in the mouth? What is the enzyme?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Salivary Amylase

Question 8

What nervous system controls both the chemical and mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Answer 8

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 9

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in the _______.

Answer 9

Small Intestines

Question 10

Water is primarily absorbed in the _________. (TWO)

Answer 10

Small Intestines

Large Intestines

Question 11

Drugs can be absorbed in ________. (FOUR)

Answer 11

Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines

Question 12

Elimination involves the ________ and local reflexes.

Answer 12

PSNS

Question 13

What two stages of digestion involve voluntary control?

Answer 13

Ingestion and Elimination

Question 14

The majority of the control mechanisms in the GI tract are ____________.

Answer 14

Involuntary

Question 15

What three things govern GI regulation?

Answer 15

1. Volume
2. Position
3. Composition of luminal contents

Question 16

T/F: The nutritional state of the body governs GI regulation

Answer 16

False: It DOES NOT

Question 17

T/F: The body will absorb all nutrients regardless of if those nutrients are required for function.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract wall?

Lumen of the GI tract –> Abdominal Cavity

Answer 18

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 19

The mucosa of the GI tract is made up of ___________ cells.

Answer 19

Endothelial

Question 20

The mucosa has _________ and ________ cells throughout.

Answer 20

Exocrine

Endocrine

Question 21

Exocrine cells make digestive ______ and _______.

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

Endocrine cells in the mucosa of the GI tract _________ with other parts of the GI tract.

Answer 22

Communicate

Question 23

The Mucosa has the most surface area to allow more surfaces for what 3 things?

Answer 23

1. Secretion
2. Chemical reactions of digestion
3. Absorption

Question 24

Sumucosal tissues contains blood vessels which work in a _______ system to take blood to the ______ for ______ prior to returning to the heart.

Answer 24

1. Portal
2. Liver
3. Detox

Question 25

The submucosal tissues also contain ______ ________. which is a part of the ___________ nervous system.

Answer 25

Nerve Plexuses | Autonomic

Question 26

The muscularis tissues are composed of ________ muscle.

Answer 26

Circular

Question 27

The circular muscle helps the digestive tract preform these two movement?

Answer 27

1. Concentric contraction (THINK: Inch Worm) | 2. Peristalsis

Question 28

What is the serosa?

Answer 28

The outer covering between the GI tract and the peritoneal cavity.

Question 29

The mouth has both _______ and ________ digestion.

Answer 29

Chemical | Mechanical

Question 30

The ______ _______ keeps food from going into the nose, while the ___________ keeps food from going down the trachea.

Answer 30

Soft Palate | Epiglottis

Question 31

What are the 4 layers of the esophagus?

Answer 31

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Adventitia

Question 32

Why is the mucosa of the esophagus composed of stratified squamous cells?

Answer 32

Makes it more durable | No need for higher surface area as absorption does not occur here

Question 33

Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by which tissue layer?

Answer 33

Muscularis

Question 34

The higher in the GI tract the _____ _______ peristalsis happens.

Answer 34

More rapidly

Question 35

The esophagus has an upper and lower ________.

Answer 35

Sphincter

Question 36

The upper sphincter of the esophagus is is located at the _______.

Answer 36

Pharynx

Question 37

The lower sphincter of the esophagus is located at the ________.

Answer 37

Diaphragm

Question 38

What disease can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to become leaky?

Answer 38

GERD

Question 39

When the stomach herniates into the thoracic region it is called a ________ _______.

Answer 39

Hiatal Hernia

Question 40

What are the 4 "areas" of the stomach?

Answer 40

1. Fundus (Upper) 2. Body (Middle) 3. Antrum (Lower) 4. Plyoric Sphincter (End)

Question 41

The stomach is a _______ digester by using ______ (Acidic Fluid)

Answer 41

Mechanical | Chyme

Question 42

The stomach can only chemically digest _______.

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

How does the stomach act as a nutrient "pacer"?

Answer 43

It only allows small amounts into the duodenum at a time

Question 44

What are the 4 tissues that compose the stomach wall?

Answer 44

1. Mucosa 2. Submucossa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa

Question 45

The mucosal tissue of the stomach repairs itself every __ _____. Why?

Answer 45

3 Days Due to the wear and tear from HCL

Question 46

What THREE things to the glands of the stomach produce?

Answer 46

1. HCL 2. Pepsinogen 3. Gastrin

Question 47

Pepsinogen is activated by gastric acid to become _______ which breaks down proteins in the stomach

Answer 47

Pepsin

Question 48

A gastric gland consists of these FOUR cells.

Answer 48

1. Mucuos cells 2. Parietal cells 3. Cheif Cells 4. Enteroendocrine cells

Question 49

Mucuos cells in a gastric gland produce what?

Answer 49

Mucous

Question 50

Parietal cells in a gastric gland produce what?

Answer 50

HCl

Question 51

Cheif cells in a gastric gland produce what?

Answer 51

Pepsinogen

Question 52

Enteroendocrine cells in a gastric gland produce what?

Answer 52

Gastrin