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GI Flashcards

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1
Q

retroperitoneal structures?

A 
SAD PUCKER
suprarenal = adrenal
aorta/IVC
duodenum (2-4)
pancreas (except tail)
ureters
colon (ascending/descending)
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
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2
Q

connects liver to ant abd wall, contains ligamentum teres?

A

falciform ligament

** ventral mesentery derivative

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3
Q

connects liver to duod, contains portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament
part of lesser omentum

    • Pringle maneuver: squeeze it to stop blood loss
    • borders omental foramen
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4
Q

connects liver to lesser curvature of stomach, contains gastric arteries?

A

gastrohepatic ligament
part of lesser omentum

    • separates greater and lesser sacs on R
    • may be cut to access lesser sac
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5
Q

connects greater curvature of stomach and transverse, contains gastroepiploic arteries?

A

gastrocolic ligament

part of greater omentum

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6
Q

connects greater curvature of stomach and spleen, contains short gastric and L gastroepiploic aa?

A

gastrosplenic ligament
part of greater omentum

** separates greater and lesser sacs on L

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7
Q

connects spleen to post abdominal wall, contains splenic a/v, pancreatic tail?

A

splenorenal ligament

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8
Q

portal triad?

A

proper hepatic a
portal v
common bile duct

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9
Q

layers of gut wall?

A 
inside --> outside:
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia
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10
Q

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa?

A

mucosa of gut

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11
Q

Meissner plexus, fluid secretion?

A

submucosa of gut

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12
Q

Auerbach (myenteric) plexus, motility?

A

muscularis externa of gut

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13
Q

what are the basal rhythms of the gut?

A

stomach: 3 waves/min
duodenum: 12 waves/min
ileum: 8-9 waves/min

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14
Q

where do you see crypts of Lieberkuhn?

A

SI and colon

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15
Q

where do you see plicae circulares?

A

jejunum and ileum

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16
Q

where do you see Brunner glands?

A

duodenum - secrete HCO3

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17
Q

where do you see peyer patches?

A

ileum

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18
Q

which part of SI has largest # of goblet cells?

A

ileum

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19
Q

does the colon have villi?

A

nope

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20
Q

level of celiac trunk?

A

T12/L1

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21
Q

level of SMA?

22
Q

level of IMA?

23
Q

level of aortic bifurcation?

24
Q

level of renal aa?

25
what is SMA syndrome?
3rd part of duodenum trapped bw SMA and aorta --> obstruction
26
aa/nn of foregut?
a: celiac --> liver, GB, panc, spleen, gut to prox duod n: vagus
27
aa/nn of midgut?
a: SMA --> prox 2/3 transverse colon n: vagus
28
aa/nn of hindgut?
a: IMA --> upper rectum n: pelvic
29
where is the watershed bw SMA and IMA?
splenic flexure of colon
30
branches of celiac a?
L gastric --> esophagus, lesser curvature splenic --> spleen, panc, fundus, L greater curvature hepatic --> liver, duodenum, head of panc, lesser curvature, R greater curvature
31
anastomoses in celiac a supply?
L and R gastroepiploics L and R gastrics weak anastomoses for short gastrics
32
esophageal portosystemic anastomosis?
L gastric v (portal) and esophageal v (systemic)
33
umbilical portosystemic anastomosis?
paraumbilical vv (portal) and small epigastric vv (systemic)
34
rectal portosystemic anastomosis?
superior rectal v (portal) and middle/inferior rectal v (systemic)
35
what cancers do you get above vs below the pectinate line?
above: adenocarcinoma below: squamous cell
36
arterial/venous supply of rectum above vs below pectinate line?
above: sup rectal a (IMA); sup rectal vein --> IMV --> portal below: inf rectal a (int pudendal); inf rectal v --> int pudendal --> iliac --> IVC
37
lymphatic drainage of rectum above vs below pectinate line?
above: internal iliac below: superficial inguinal
38
zone of liver affected 1st by viral hep, ingested toxins?
zone 1: periportal
39
zone of liver affected by yellow fever?
zone 2: intermediate
40
zone of liver affected 1st by ischemia, metabolic toxins, alcoholic hepatitis?
zone 3: pericentral/centrilobular ** site of CYP450
41
what is a Kupffer cell?
specialized macrophage of liver
42
apical vs basolateral surface of hepatocytes?
apical --> bile canaliculi | basolateral --> sinusoids
43
double duct sign?
stone in ampulla of vater --> CBD and panc duct dilation
44
what is in the femoral sheath?
femoral vein, artery, deep inguinal LNs ** DOES NOT have femoral n
45
layers of inguinal canal?
internal --> external: - parietal peritoneum - extraperitoneal tissue - transversalis fascia - transversus abdominis - internal oblique - external oblique aponeurosis/ing ligament
46
layers of spermatic cord?
external spermatic fascia (from ext oblique) cremasteric mm/fascia (from int oblique) internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia) ** transversus abdominus skipped
47
goes thru deep inguinal ring, enters internal ring lateral to inf epigastric a?
indirect hernia * * covered by all 3 layers of spermatic fascia * * infants: failure of processus vaginalis closure * * more common in males
48
goes thru abdominal wall, enters internal righ medial to inferior epigastric a?
direct hermia * * covered by external spermatic fascia only * * goes through Hesselbach's triangle * * older men
49
goes through femoral canal below inguinal ligament?
femoral hernia * * leading cause of bowel incarceration * * more common in females
50
hesselbach's triangle borders?
``` rectus abdominis (medial border) inf epigastric vessels (lateral) inguinal ligament (inferior) ```

BT_anatomySTEP (10 decks)

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